Pali upa (77)
According to Davids and Stede’s Pali-English Dictionary, the word upa is a “prefix denoting nearness or close touch, usually with the idea of approaching from below or resting on top, on, upon, up, and by.” It is linguistically related to Sanskrit upa; Avesta upa (on, up); German ὑπό (under) ὑπέρ (over); Latin upo; Gothic uf (under and on); Old High-German ūf = Anglo-Saxon up = English up; and Old-Irish fo under. It originates from the Tamil root uppu through the transformation of uppu > úpa > upa. The following words, related to Pali upa, also originate from Tamil uppu. The words with the prefix upa are condensed, and approximately 65 to 75 words are given below for reference.
upakaccha-antare, “in between the hips or loins or arm-pits.” upakacchaka, “like an enclosure.” upakaṭṭha, “approaehing, near.” upakaḍḍhati, “to drag or pull on to, or down to.” upakaṇṇaka, “by the ear, being at or on the ear of somebody.” upakappati, “to be beneficial to, to serve, to accrue.” upakappana, “profit.” upakaraṇa, “help, service, support; means of existence, livelihood.” upakāra, “service, help, benefit, obligation, favour.” upakārin, “a benefactor.” upakījati, “to sing to (of birds).” upakījita, “resounding, filled with the hum or song of (birds).” upakīla, “embankment, a river’s bank, riverside.” upakkamana, “going near to, attacking.” upakkhaṭa, “done as a favour or service, given, prepared, administered.” upakhandha, “upper (side of the) trunk, back, shoulder.” upagacchati, “to come to, go to, approach, flow to (of water).” upagamana, “approaching, going or coming to, undergoing, undertaking.” upagīhati, “to embrace.” upagghāta, “scented, smelled, kissed.” upacarita, “practised, served, enacted, performed.” upajīvati, “to live on, to depend on, to live by somebody, to be supported by.” upajīvin, “living on, subsisting by.” upajjhāya, “a spiritual teacher or preceptor, master.” upaṭṭhāpana, “attendance, service.” upatiṭṭhati, “to stand by, to look after, to worship.” upatthambhaka, “holding up, supporting, sustaining.” upatthambheti, “to make firm, shore up, support.” upadasseti, “to make manifest, to show.” upadhāna, “putting under, i.e., a pillow, cushion.” upadhāvati, “to run up to or after, fall upon, surround.” upadhāreti, “to hold or take up, to look out for.” upacaya, “heaping up, gathering, accumulation, heap.” upanikkhipati, “to deposit near, to lay up.” upanikkhipana, “putting down (near somebody), putting in the way, trap.” upanikkhepa, “putting near, depositing.” upanipajjati, “to lie down close to or on top of.” upanibandhati, “to tie close to, to bind on to, attach.” upanibandhana, “closely connected with.” upanisīdati, “to sit close to or down by.” upanisevati, “to pursue, follow, go up after, cling to.” upanissayati, “to depend or rely on.” upanissāya, “near, close by, depending on, by means of.” upaneti, “to bring up to, conduce, adduce; to present, give.” upanti, “near, before, in presence of.” upapphusati, “to touch.” upabbajati, “to go to, resort to, visit.” upamā, “likeness, simile, parable.” upayāti, “to go to, to approach.” upayāna, “nearing, approach, arrival.” upariṭṭha, “highest, topmost, most excellent.” uparima, “uppermost, above, overhead.” upalippati, “to be defiled; to stick to, hang on to.” upavisati, “to come near, to approach a person.” upasaṉharaṇa, “drawing together, bringing up to, comparison.” upasaṉhāra, “taking hold of, taking up, possession.” upasankamana, “going near, approach.” upasamphassati, “to embrace.” upasinghaka, “sniffing after.” upasinghita, “scented, smelled at.” upasevati, “to practice, frequent, pursue.” upasevita, “visited, frequented.” upasevin, “pursuing, following, going after.” upassuti, “listening to, attention.” upaharaṇa, “presentation; luxury, taking, seizing.” upaharati, “to bring, offer, present.” upāgata, “come to, having reached or attained.” upāsana1, “attendance, service, honour.” upāsīna, “sitting near or close to.” upaddavati, “to annoy, trouble.” upāyana, “going to (in special sense), enterprise, offering, tribute.” sopāna, “stairs, staircase.” sopāna-kalingara, “flight of steps.” sopāna-panti, “a flight or row of steps, a ladder.” sopāna-pāda, “the foot of the steps.” sopāna-phalaka, “a step of a staircase.”