Pali jana (146)
According to Davids and Stede’s Pali-English Dictionary, Pali word jana means “an individual, a living being, a creature, a person, or a man in its singular form; and men, persons, people, or beings in its plural form, janā.” Further, it represents a single entity, as in “an individual” or “a person,” and collectively it refers to “people,” “they,” or “one.” It is derived from the root *gene and shares etymological connections with words in other Indo-European languages. For instance, Greek γίνος (gínos), γόνος (gónos), Latin genus, and French gens are related to the concept of “birth.” It traces its origin to the Tamil root īṉ through the transformation of īṉ > jan > jána > jana. The following words, related to Pali jana, also originate from Tamil īṉ.
mahājana, “the people, the crowd.” bahu(j)jana, “many people.” jana-âdhipa, “a king of men.” jana-esabha, “the leader of men, the best of all people.” jana-kāya, “a body or group of people.” jana-pada, “country.” jana-majjhe, “before all the people.” jana-vāda, “people's talk, gossip.” janaka, “producing, production.” janikā, “genetrix, mother.” janatā, “a collection of people, congregation, gathering, people, folk.” janati, “to bring forth, produce, cause.” janita, “produced.” janana, “producing, causing.” jananī, “mother.” janapada, “an inhabited country, continent; (politically) a province, district, county.” janapada-kathā, “talk or gossip about the province.” janapada-kalyāṇī, “a country-beauty, i.e., the most beautiful girl in the province.” janapada-cārikā, “tramping the country.” janapada-tthāvariyapatta, “one who has attained a secure state of his realm.” janapada-padesa, “a rural district.” janitta, “birthplace.” janettī, “mother.” jantu, “a creature, living being, man, person.” jāta, “born, grown, arisen, produced; genuine, natural, true, good, sound, become, occurred, happened.” jātajāta, “characteristic.” padajāta, “pedal character.” angajāta, “the sexual organ.” gandhajāta, “a kind of perfume.” jāta-amanda, “the (wild) castor oil plant.” jāta-ova-raka, “the inner chamber where he was born.” jāta-kamma, “the (sooth-saying) ceremony connected with birth.” jāta-divasa, “the day of birth, birthday.” jāta-mangala, “the birth festival, i.e., the feast held on the birth of a child.” jāta-rupa, “sterling; pure metal, i.e., gold in its natural state, before worked.” jāta-veda, “fire.” jāta-ssara, “a natural pond or lake.” jātaka1, “a birth story as found in the earlier books. This is always the story of a previous birth of the Buddha as a wise man of old.” jātaka-atthavaṇṇanā, “the commentary on the Jātaka book.” jātaka-bhāṇaka, “a repeater of the Jātaka book.” jātaka2, “(belonging to what has been born) a son.” jātatta, “the fact of being born or of having grown or arisen.” jāti, “birth, rebirth, possibility of rebirth; descent, race, rank, genealogy, a sort of, kind of.” jātidhamma, “destined to be born.” jāti-kkhaya, “the destruction of the chance of being reborn.” jāti-khetta, “the realm of rebirth.” jāti-thaddha, “conceited, proud of birth.” jāti-nirodha, “the extermination of (the cause of) rebirth.” jāti-pabhava, “the origin or root of existence.” jāti-puppha, “nutmeg.” jāti-bhaya, “the fear of rebirth.” jāti-bhūmi, “natural ground.” jāti-maṇi, “a genuine precious stone.” jāti-maya, “constituting birth, being like birth.” jāti-vāda, “reputation of birth, character of descent, parentage.” jāti-vibhanga, “a characteristic of birth, a distinction in descent.” jāti-vīṇā, “a first-class lute.” jāti-sampanna, “endowed with (pure) birth.” jāti-sambhava, “the origin of birth.” jāti-sambheda, “difference of rank.” jāti-saṁsāra, “the cycle of transmigration.” jāti-sindhava, “a well-bred horse.” jāti-ssara, “the remembrance of (former) births.” jāti-hingulaka, “natural vermilion.” jātimant, “of good birth, having natural or genuine qualities, noble, excellent.” ajātima, “not of good birth.” jamman(a), “birth, descent, rank.” jañña, “of (good) birth, excellent, noble, charming, beautiful.” jacca, “of birth, by birth.” ittarajacca, “of inferior birth.” kiṁjacca, “of what birth, i.e., of what social standing.” hīnajacca, “of low birth.” samajacca, “of equal rank.” jacca-andha, “blind from birth.” jāni, “wife.” jāyati, “to be born, to be produced, to arise, to be reborn.” jāyā, “wife.” jāyā-patī, “husband and wife.” dvija, “twice born, i.e., a bird.” dvi-jātin, “one who is born twice.” ñāti, “a relation, relative.” ñāti-kathā, “(boastful) talk about relatives.” ñāti-gata, “coming into (the ties of) relationship.” ñāti-ghara, “the paternal home.” ñāti-dhamma, “the duties of relatives.” ñāti-parivatta, “the circle of relations.” ñāti-peta, “a deceased relation.” ñāti-majjhagata, “in the midst of one's relations.” ñāti-mittā, “friends and relatives.” ñāti-vyasana, “misfortune of relatives.” ñāti-sangha, “the congregation of kinsmen, the clan.” ñāti-sālohitạ, “a relation by blood.” ñāti-sineha, “the affection of relationship.” ñāti-hetusampatti, “a blessing received through the kinsmen.” nija, “own.” pajāyati, “to be born or produced.” pajāyana, “being born.” vijāyana, “bringing forth, birth, delivery.” vijāyati, “to bring forth, to bear, to give birth.” vijāyāpeti, “to cause, to bring forth.” vijāyinī, “able to bear a child, fertile.” vijātā, “(a woman) having borne.” vijātā-kāla, “time of birth.” vijātā-ghara, “birth-chamber.” puthujjana, “an ordinary, average person, a common worldling, a man of the people, an ordinary man.” puthujjana-kalyāṇaka, “an ordinary man striving after his spiritual good.” puthujjana-bhikkhu, “of the common sort.” puthujjana-sukha, “an ordinary happiness.” sajana, “a kinsman.” sañjanati, “to be born.” sañjaneti, “to cause, produce, realize.” sañjanana, “producing.” sañjananī, “progenitrix.” sañjanetar, “one who produces.”’ sañjāta1, “having become, produced, arisen; full of, grown into, being in a state of.” sañjāta2, “of the same origin.” sañjāti, “birth, origin, outcome, produce.” saha-ja, “born at the same time.” saha-jāta, “born at the same time, of equal age; arisen at the same time, coinciding with.” saha-jātapaccaya, “the relation of connascence, coincidence”. anga-jāta, “the distinguishing member, i.e., sign of male or female.” aṇḍa-ja, “born from eggs.” urejata, “belonging to one's own breast, self-begotten, legitimate; innate, natural, own.” sama-jana, “an ordinary man, common people.” sama-jātika, “of the same caste.” upavijaññā, “about to bring forth a child, nearing childbirth.” pajā, “progeny, offspring, generation, beings, men, world (of men), mankind.” pajāpati, “together with his wife.” prajāpati, “one who has offspring, a chief wife of a man of the higher class.” prajāpatī, “lady.” sapajāpatika, “together with his wife.” ājāniya, “of good race or breed; also, it is almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse.” ǡjañña, “mostly in poetry.” purisājañña, “a steed of man, i.e., a man of noble race.” anājāniya, “of inferior birth.” ājānīyatā, “good breed.” anujāta, “born after i.e., after the image of, resembling, taking after; also, it is especially said of a son (putta), resembling his father, a worthy son.” abhijāta, “of noble birth, well-born.” abhijātakulakulīna, “belonging to a family of high or noble birth.” abhijāyati, “to beget, produce, effect, attain; to behave, to be.” parijana, “the people round, i.e. attendants, servants, retinue, suite.” saparijana, “with one's servants.” pajāyati, “to be born or produced.” pajāyana, “being born.” sañjāyati, “to be born or produced.”