aṟuttal > ardhá in other East Indo-European Languages (27)
Turner’s A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages says Sanskrit word ardhá means “half or a half.” He also lists the cognates of ardhá in other East Indo-European languages and dialects:
Pali aḍḍha-, aḍḍhaka-, addha-; Aśokan aḍha-; Language of ‘Kharoṣṭhī Inscriptions discovered by Sir Aurel Stein in Chinese Turkestan’ ardha, aḍha, adha; Prakrit aḍḍha, addha-; Tirāhī aḍḍa; Pashai aḍḍ(h)ā́; Areti (dialect of Pashai) aṛó; Gawar-Bati adhe; Kalasha adhe, ā́dhek; Bashkarīk aṛ; Tōrwālī ar; Maiyã aṛ-dī; Kanyawālī (dialect of Maiyã) aṛhī; Phalūṛa ā́ḍu; Kashmiri aḍ, oḍᵘ; Sindhī adhu; Lahndā addh, addhā; Panjābī addh, addhā; West Pahāṛī and Bhadrawāhī (dialect of West Pahāṛī) addhū; Bhalesī (dialect of West Pahāṛī) àddo; Curāhī (dialect of West Pahāṛī) and Cameāḷī (dialect of West Pahāṛī) addhā; Kumaunī ād, ādho; Nepāli and Assamese ādhā; Bengali ādh, ād, ādhā; Oṛiyā āṛa; Bihārī ādhā; Maithilī ādh; Maithilī, Bhojpurī, Awadhī, Lakhīmpurī (dialect of Awadhī) and Hindi ādhā; Mārwāṛī ādho; Marāṭhī ādhā; Koṅkaṇī ādo; Sinhalese aḍa, aḍu; Kumaunī ad-; Nepāli adh-; Assamese ād-; Bengali āṛ; Oṛiyā adha-; Hindī ā̆dh-, ā̆d-, aṛ-; Gujarātī adh-, ad-; Marāṭhī ad-, āḍ-, aḍ-; Sinhalese aḍa.
All these cognates and the following words related to ardhá originate from the Tamil root aṟuttal.
árdha, part, place, country. *ardhakapāla, migraine, a condition often associated with severe headaches that affect one side of the head, resembling a half of the head. *ardhakuḍava, half a kuḍava, where kuḍava is a unit of measurement. ardhakr̥ta, half-done. *ardhaguṇa, increased by a half. ardhacaturtha, three and a half. *ardhajjhāma, half-burnt. ardhatr̥tīya, two and a half. *ardhatr̥tīyaguṇa, two and a half times. *ardhatōla, one half tolaka, with tolaka being a unit of measurement. ardhadivasa, noon, representing the middle of the day, where ardha signifies half, and divasa means day. *ardhapakṣa, having half a side. *ardhapañcama, four and a half. *ardhapanthaka, halfway. *ardhapala, half a pala, where pala is a unit of measurement, and ardha indicates a measurement equivalent to half of a pala. *ardhapalya, a half sack. *ardhapāṭa, a half expanse, indicating that the expanse or area is only partially covered, being equivalent to half of its total extent. *ardhapiṅga, half-yellow. *ardhapuṭa, a half fold, suggesting that something is folded or bent to cover only half of its length. *ardhapurāṇa, half used up, indicating that something has been partially consumed or utilized, leaving half of it remaining. *ardhapūraka, half-full. *ardhaphāla, having half a ploughshare. ardhabhāga, half. *ardhamaṇa, half a maṇa. *ardhamāna, a half measure. *ardhamāṣaka, half the weight of a māṣaka. ardhamāsá, fortnight. ardharātra, midnight. *ardhavayasa, middle age. *ardhavr̥tta, half-completed. ardhavr̥ddha, middle-aged. *ardhavēḍa, middle-aged. *ardhaśīrṣa, migraine. *ardhasatēra, half a ser, referring to a measure of weight or currency. *ardhahala-, see *ardhaphāla-. ardhāṁśa, a half portion. ardhāṇga, half the body. *ardhāpūrta, half-filled. *ardhāvr̥tta, half-melted. árdhika, measuring half. *ardhōttara, increasing by half. uttarārdhá, the northern part, typically denoting the northern region or half of a given area. uttarārdhíya-, northern. *grāmārdha, vicinity of village. paścārdhá, western side. pūrvārdhá, eastern side. ārdha, used in the compound forms of ardhá-, signifying half or part. ārdhika, sharing half; it is used to describe a person who engages in agricultural work and ploughs the land in return for receiving half of the crop as their share. *ārdhikakāra, work of a co-partner. *ádhiyardha-, one and a half. ádhyardha-, see *ádhiyardha-. *apārdha, less than half. upārdha, half or the first half. dvyardha, one and a half.