al > a in other Indo-European Languages (52)
In Turner’s A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan
Languages, the prefix a has a negative, privative, or contrary sense and is primarily employed in compound words. Sanskrit word alagna, meaning “unconnected,” is one of the compound words with the prefix a. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages:
Pali alagga-; Kashmiri alogᵘ; Sindhī alag̠u; Panjābī alagg; Kumaunī alag; Nepāli alag, alagga; Assamese ālag, ālagā; Bengali ālag, ālgā; Oṛiyā alaga, alagā; Hindī alag, algā, argāī; Old Mārwāṛī alago; Gujarātī aḷgũ; Marāṭhī alag, aḷag.
In addition to alagna, he also provides several compound words with the prefix a. However, the numerous words with the prefix a are condensed, and approximately 50 to 60 words are given below for reference. All these cognates and compound words with the prefix a originate from the Tamil root al.
akāla, “out of time; wrong time. ákr̥ṣṭa, “unploughed land. ákṣata, unhurt; not crushed. *akṣānta, unbearable. *akṣēma, unpeaceful. *agāhya, unfathomable. *agrāmin, not rustic. *acaṣṭa, untasted. *acchādana, without covering. ajānant, not knowing. ájñāta, unknown. *ajvara, free from fever. *atārita, unrescued. adr̥śya, not to be seen. ánāman, nameless. anitya, transient. apakva, unripe, undigested. apāka, unripe. apūrṇa, not entire. abalá, weak. ábrahman, without Brahman. abhāgya, unfortunate. abhr̥ta, not paid. amarṣa, non-endurance. amítra, enemy. amūlya, priceless. ayaśás, disgraced; infamy. áyukta, not yoked; unfit, improper; silly. áriṣṭa, unhurt, safe. aruja, free from disease. arōga, healthy, well. alakṣya, invisible. alajja, shameless. alavaṇa, not salty. alūna, uncut. alōman, hairless. avarṇa, having no outward appearance. avācya, not to be uttered or spoken about. *avibhīta, fearless. avēlā, wrong time. aśakta, unable, incompetent. aśiṣṭa-, untrained, rude. aśubha, inauspicious, bad. asaṁkhya, innumerable. ásama, unequalled; uneven. asahāya, friendless. *asthāghya, unfordable. ásthira, unsteady. aspr̥ha, undesirous. asvaka, having no property. aśōka, the tree Jonesia asoca Roxb.