Sanskrit ūrdhvá (56)
According to Monier-Williams’ A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Sanskrit word ūrdhvá is derived from √vṛidh and √ṛi. It denotes “rising or tending upwards, raised, elevated, erected, erect, upright, high, and above.” He says it shares etymological relationship with terms in other Indo-European languages. They include Greek ὀρθός (orthós), Latin arduus, and Gaelic ard. However, ūrdhvá traces its origin to the Tamil root uṟu. This uṟu changes into ūrdhvá in Sanskrit through the transformation of uṟu > ūrdhvá. The following words, related to Sanskrit ūrdhvá, also originate from Tamil uṟu.
ūrdhvá-kaca, “having the hair-raised, the descending node.” ūrdhvá-kara, “an upper hand (of Vishṇu), having the hands raised upwards (and also casting rays of light upwards).” ūrdhvá-karṇa, “having the ears erect.” ūrdhvá-kāya, “the upper part of the body.” ūrdhvá-kriyā, “motion or action tending upwards.” ūrdhvá-ga, “going upwards, ascending, hovering, being above, high.” ūrdhvá-ga-pura, “the city of Hariṡcandra (who with his subjects is supposed to be suspended in the atmosphere).” ūrdhvá-gâtman, “one whose soul tends upwards.” ūrdhvá-caraṇa, “having the feet upwards.” ūrdhvá-caraṇas, “a kind of ascetic or devotee; name of the fabulous animal Sarabha (which has four of its eight feet upwards).” ūrdhvá-daṉshṭra-keṡa, “one whose teeth and hair are erect, name of Ṡiva.” ūrdhvá-diṡ, “the point of the sky overhead, the region above.” ūrdhvá-nabhas, “being above the clouds.” ūrdhvá-nayana, “having eyes turned upwards.” ūrdhvá-nāla, “with upraised stalk.” ūrdhváṃ-dama, “erect, raised.” ūrdhvá-pātana, “the act of causing (mercury) to rise, sublimation (of mercury).” ūrdhvá-pātana-yantra, “an apparatus for sublimation (of mercury).” ūrdhvá-pāda, “the top of the foot, having the feet upward.” ūrdhvá-pādas, “the fabulous animal Ṡarabha.” ūrdhvá-pūram, “so as to become full to the brim.” ūrdhvá-pṛiṡni, “spotted above.” ūrdhvá-bāhu, “having the arms lifted up; a kind of ascetic or devotee; name of several Ṛishis.” ūrdhvá-bharam, “carrying upwards, lifting up.” ūrdhvá-bhās, “one whose splendour rises.” ūrdhvá-bhūmi, “upper floor or story.” ūrdhvá-māna, “height, altitude.” ūrdhvá-māruta, “pressure of the wind (of the body) upwards (so as to cause vomiting).” ūrdhvá-mukha, “having the mouth or opening turned upwards, turned upwards.” ūrdhvá-muṇḍa, “being bald above, having a bald crown (of the head).” ūrdhvá-rāji, “a line running from below upwards.” ūrdhvá-roman, “having the hair of the body erect.” ūrdhvá-romanā, “name of a mountain.” ūrdhvá-vāc, “having a loud voice.” ūrdhvá-vṛita, “put on or wound round from below upwards (as the sacred thread).” ūrdhvá-ṡosham, “so as to dry above.” ūrdhvá-ṡvāsa, “breathing above, shortness of breath, a kind of asthma.” ūrdhvá-sāná, “superior, victorious.” ūrdhvá-sānu, “having a high back (as a horse), high, surpassing, having an elevated edge.” ūrdhvá-sthiti, “standing upright, rearing (of a horse); a horse’s back; the place where the rider sits; elevation, superiority.” ūrdhvâṅga, “the upper part of the body, i.e., the part above the collar-bone.” ūrdhvâyana, “going or rising up, flying up.” ūrdhvêha, “wish or effort to raise one’s self.” ūrdhvôcchvāsin, “breathing one’s last.” ūrdhvaka, “raised, lifted up.” ūrdhvátha, “upwards, erect.” ūrdhvāyate, “(from ūrdhvāya) to rise, go upwards.” urdhvī-√kṛi, “to raise a loft, elevate.” aurdhvakālika, “(from ūrdhva-kāla) relating to subsequent time.” aurdhvadeha, “(from ūrdhva-deha) relating or referring to the state after death, relating to future life.” aurdhvadehika, “relating to a deceased person, performed in honour of the dead, funeral.” aurdhvadehikam, “the obsequies of a deceased person, any funeral ceremony; whatever is offered or performed on a person’s decease.” aurdhvadaihika, “equal to aurdhvadehika.” aurdhvaṃdamika, “(from ūrdhvaṃ-dama) belonging to an elevated or upright person or thing.” aurdhvabhaktika, “(from ūrdhva-bhakta) used or applied after a meal.”