Pali uddhaṁ (21)
According to Davids and Stede’s Pali-English Dictionary, Pali word uddhaṁ (and uddha°) means “high up, on top, and above.” They also say it shares etymological relationship with terms in other Indo-European languages. They include Sanskrit ūrdhva (high); Indo-Germanic *ared(h) as in Latin arduus (steep), or *ured as in Sanskrit vardhate (to raise); and Greek ὀρϑός (orthós) (straight). However, the Pali word uddhaṁ (and uddha°) traces its origin to the Tamil root uṟu through the transformation of uṟu > ūrdhvá > uddhaṁ. The following words, related to Pali uddhaṁ (and uddha°), also originate from the Tamil root uṟu.
uddha-gāmin, “going upwards.” uddha-cchiddaka, “having openings above.” uddha-pāda, “heels upwards.” uddha-mukha, “turned upwards.” uddha-mukhā, “upwards or backwards (of a river).” uddha-lomin, “having hair on the upper side, a kind of couch or bed (or rug on a couch).” uddha-virecana, “action of an emetic (literally throwing up).” uddha-suddha, “clean on top.” uddhaṁ-āghātanika, “an after-deather, a teacher who maintains that the soul exists after death.” uddhaṁ-pāda, “feet up.” uddhaṁ-bhāgiya, “belonging to the upper part.” uddhaṁ-virecana, see uddhavirecana. uddhaṁ-sara(ṁ), “with raised or lofty voice, literally sounding high.” uddhaṁ-sota, “one who is going upwards in the stream of life.” uddhagga, “standing on end (literally with raised point); bristling, of the hair of a Mahāpurisa; prominent, conspicuous; pointing upwards (of the lower teeth, opposite adhagga point-downwards); lofty, beneficial (of gifts).” uddhaggika, “aiming at or resulting in a lofty end, promoting spiritual welfare, beneficial (of gifts).” uddhaja, “upright, honest.” ubbhan (and ubbha), “up, over, above, on top.” ubbhaṭṭhaka, “standing erect or upright.”