பாலி அகராதி

(Pali)

52. kapi

Kapi [Sk. kapi, original designation of a brownish colour, cp. kapila & kapota] a monkey (freq. in similes) Sn 791; Th 1, 1080; J i.170; iii.148, cp. kavi. -kacchu the plant Mucuna pruritus Pv ii.3¹⁰; °phala its fruit PvA 86; -citta "having a monkey's mind," capricious, fickle J iii.148=525; -naccanā Npl., Pv iv.1³⁷; -niddā "monkey — sleep," dozing Miln 300.

Kapila (adj.) [Sk. kapila, cp. kapi] brown, tawny, reddish, of hair & beard VvA 222; °ā f. a brown cow DhA iv.153.

Kapisīsa [Sk. kapiśīrṣa] the lintel of a door D ii.143 (cp. Rh.D. Buddh. Suttas p. 95 n¹) -°ka the cavity in a doorpost for receiving the bolt Vin ii.120, 148 (cp. Vin. Texts ii.106 n³).

Kapota [Sk. kapota, greyish blue, cp. kapi) — 1. (m.) a pigeon, a dove J i.243; Miln 403; — 2. (f.) °i a female pigeon PvA 47; °ka (f. °ikā Miln 365) a small pigeon J i.244. -pāda (of the colour) of a pigeon's foot J i.9. 

சிங்களம்

Kapi:

1. Kapi, ape or monkey.
2. Kapiní, female monkey.
3. Kapila, name of a celebrated saint, founder of the Sánkhya philosophy; female elephant of the south east; fabulous car much celebrated in the Purán@as; a. tawny coloured.
4. Kapilawan-péya, anything of a tawny colour.
5. Kapis@írsha, upper part or coping of a wall.
6. Kapíndra, monkey-chief; Hanumán.

மேலை இந்தோ-ஐரோப்பியத்தில் தமிழின் ’கபி’

 கபி-Ape

APE

(Skeat) ape, a kind of monkey. (E.) Μ. Ε. ape, Alisaunder, ed. Weber, 4344; Ancren Riwle, p. 248. —A.S. apa, Ælf, Glos., Nomina Ferarum. + Du. aap. + Icel. api. + Swed. apa. + Irish and Gael. ap, apa. + G. affe. + Gk. κῆπος. +Skt. kapi, a monkey. ¶ The loss of the initial k is not remarkable in a word which must have had far to travel; it is commonly supposed that the same loss has taken place in the case of Skt. kam, to love, as compared with Lat. amare. Max Müller notes that the Heb. koph, an ape (1 Kings, x. 22), is not a Semitic word, but borrowed from Skt.; Lectures, i. 233, 8th ed. The Skt. kapi stands for kampi, from Skt. kamp, to tremble, vibrate, move rapidly to and fro. - √KAP, to vibrate; Fick, i .2 95. Der. ap-ish, ap-ish-ly, ap-ish-ness.

(Chambers) ape n. Old English apa (about 700, in various Old English glossaries). Related to and probably cognate with Old Saxon apo ape, Frisian apa, Middle Dutch āpe, aep (modern Dutch aap), Old High German affo (modern German Affe), Old Icelandic api, Swedish apa, Danish abe; of uncertain origin.

It has been proposed that the word is a borrowed form, perhaps through contact in trading, and is in that way related to Irish ap, apa; Welsh ab, epa; Old Russian opica; all borrowed in very early times apparently with

loss of an original k found in Sanskrit kapí-s ape. -v. to imitate; mimic. 1632, in Massinger's The City Madam, verb use of the noun sense, "an imitator or mimic" (probably developed before 1200).

(john Ayto) ape [OE] Ape (in Old English apa) has cognates in several Germanic languages (German affe, Dutch aap, Swedish apa), and comes from a prehistoric West and North Germanic *apan (perhaps originally borrowed from Celtic). Until the early 16th century, when English acquired the word monkey, it was the only term available for any of the non-human primates, but from around 1700 it began to be restricted in use to the large primates of the family Pongidae.

(Onions) ape eip tailless monkey. OE. apa m., ape fem. = OS. apo (Du. aap), OHG. affo m., affe fem. (G. affe), ON. api :- CGerm. (exc. Goth.) *apan-, which with ORuss. opica and OBoh. opice may have been collateral adoptions of an alien word along traderoutes (possibly through Celtic regions; cf. Hesychius' There is no CIE. or cweur. word for 'ape'. Ir. apa, napa, Gael. apa, W. epa, † āb are from Eng. Hence a·pery, xvii, a·pish¹. xvi.

(American Heritage) ape (āp) n. 1. a. Any of various large, tailless Old World primates of the family Pongidae, including the chimpanzee, gorilla, gibbon, and orangutan. b. A monkey. 2. A mimic or an imitator. 3. Informal. A clumsy or boorish person. — v. tr. aped, ap·ing, apes. To mimic slavishly but often with an absurd result. See Synonyms at imitate. — adj. Informal. Completely unrestrained, especially with enthusiasm: The fans at the concert were really ape. —idiom. go ape. Informal. To become wildly excited or enthusiastic. [Middle English, from Old English apa.] —apʹer n.

(OED) ape

Variant forms: Old English apa, Middle English hape, Middle English– ape. plural Old English apan, Middle English apen, Middle English– apes.

Eytmology:

Old English apa (masculine), ape (feminine), cognate with Low German ape, Dutch aap, Old High German affo (masculine), affe (feminine), Middle High German affe, Old Norse api (Swedish apa). Probably an adopted word in Old Germanic; compare Old Irish apa, Welsh epa; Slavonic op-, in Old Czech op, Czech op-ec, Slovak op-itza.

1. An animal of the monkey tribe (Simiadæ); before the introduction of ‘monkey’ (16th cent.), the generic name, and still (since 1700) sometimes so used poetically or rhetorically, or when their uncouth resemblance to men and mimicry of human action is the main idea (due to reaction of the verb apeupon the noun whence it was formed).

2.a. spec. A member of the Simiadæ, having no tail nor cheek-pouches; including the gorilla, chimpanzee, orangutan, and gibbons.

2.b. to play the ape (referring to the way in which these animals mimic human form and gestures): to imitate, esp. in an inferior or spurious manner, to counterfeit, mimic the reality.

2.c. Used quasi-adverbially in to go ape (slang, originally U.S.), to go ‘crazy’; to become excited, violent, sexually aggressive, etc.; to display strong enthusiasm or appreciation; also, to malfunction.

3. Hence figurative. One who ‘plays the ape’; an imitator, a mimic.

3.a. Contemptuously or derisively.

3.b. † In a good or neutral sense. Obsolete.

4. † transferred. A fool. Cf. God's apen.to make (a person) one's ape, to put an ape in a person's hood, to befool or dupe a person. Obsolete.
5. sea apenoun

The fish Squalus Vulpes, also called Sea Fox, and Thresher.

6. to lead apes in hell: the fancied consequence of a woman dying unmarried. to say an ape's paternoster: to chatter with cold.
7. † As adj.Foolish, silly. adv.Foolishly, sillily.

(Online Etymology) ape (n.) Old English apa (fem. ape) "an ape, a monkey," from Proto-Germanic *apan (source also of Old Saxon apo, Old Norse api, Dutch aap, German affe), probably a borrowed word, perhaps from Celtic (compare Old Irish apa, Welsh epa) or Slavic (compare Old Bohemian op, Slovak opitza), and the whole group probably is ultimately from an Eastern or non-Indo-European language.

The common word in English until the emergence of monkey in 16c. More technically, in zoology, "a simian; a tail-less, man-like monkey," by 1690s. The only native apes in Europe are the Barbary apes of Gibraltar, intelligent and docile, and these were the showman's apes of the Middle Ages. Apes were noted in medieval times for mimicry of human action, hence, perhaps, the other figurative use of the word, to mean "a fool" (c. 1300).

Ape - கலைச்சொற்கள்                                   

nose-ape - நீண்ட மூக்குள்ள குரங்கு வகை; half-ape - மனிதக்குரங்கு, வாலில்லாக் குரங்கு, காட்டு மனிதன்.

- ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

anthropoid ape – மனிதக்குரங்கு; anthropoid ape language - மனிதக்குரங்கு மொழி

- கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி, தொகுதி 2

APING

(OED) aping

etymology: < ape n.

1. To imitate, mimic:
2. pretentiously, irrationally, or absurdly.
3. in a good or neutral sense. rare.
4. to ape it: to play the ape, mimic the reality.

(Online Etymology) aping (n.) "imitation, mimicry," 1680s, verbal noun from ape (v.). Apery in the same sense is attested from 1610s.

APE-MAN

(American Heritage) ape-man n. 1. Any of various extinct primates, such as pithecanthropus, sometimes considered intermediate in evolution between the anthropoid apes and modern human beings. 2. A person or creature held to combine characteristics of apes and humans, as: a. A brawny or brutish man. b. An archetype of the primitive or instinctual aspect of human nature: “The superman has created the airplane and the radio, the ape-man has got hold of them” (Los Angeles Times).

(OED) ape-man

origin: Formed within English, by compounding.

etymons: ape n., man n.¹

etymology: < ape n. + man n.¹ In sense 2 partly after German Affenmensch (1863 in the passage translated in quot. 18641 at sense 2).

1. A person who resembles or mimics an ape or monkey, or who wears the skin or costume of an ape or monkey. Later also: a (fictional) person who associates with apes.
2. Originally: a hypothetical creature intermediate in character and development between apes and humans. In later use: any of various early hominids, esp. of the genus Australopithecus, who share some characteristics of both apes and humans. Also in extended use. Cf. man-ape n. at man n.¹ Compounds 2a.

(Online Etymology) ape-man (n.) also apeman, hypothetical "missing link" between the highest anthropoid apes and human beings, progenitor of the human race, 1869, in a translation of Haeckel, from ape (n.) + man (n.). Man-ape is attested from 1823 as "anthropoid ape, orangutan." The name Martin Halfape appears in an English roll from 1227.

APISH

(American Heritage) ap·ish adj. 1. Resembling an ape. 2. Slavishly or foolishly imitative: “My own performances were apish imitations of Olivier’s stirring cadences” (Robert Brustein). 3. Silly; outlandish.

(OED) apish

etymology: < ape n. + -ish suffix¹.

1. Of the nature or appearance of an ape.
2. Ape-like in manner; befitting an ape; fantastically foolish, affected, silly, trifling.
3. Ape-like in imitation; unreasoningly imitative.

(Online Etymology) apish (adj.) "inclined to imitate servilely," 1530s; "looking like an ape," 1560s; from ape (n.) + -ish. Related: Apishly; apishness.

Apish -கலைச்சொற்கள்               

apish                                      குரங்கின் இயல்புடைய, குரங்கின் தோற்றமுடைய, குரங்குபோல் நடந்துகொள்கிற

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

JACKANAPES

(Onions) jackanapes †ape; pert aping fellow, coxcomb. xvi. First recorded, c. 1450, as a nickname (Jac(k) Napes) of William de Ia Pole, first Duke of Suffolk, whose badge was an ape's clog and chain; later, used a quasi-proper name for an ape and a man who performs ape-like tricks; and hence as above. This use of jack is paralleled in Jack Straw, nickname of one of the leaders of the peasants' revolt of 1381; the origin of Napes is unkn.; the extended form jack a napes suggests assoc. with Naples (cf. fustianapes for fustian of Naples).

(American Heritage) jack・a・napes n. 1. A conceited or impudent person. 2. A mischievous child. 3. Archaic. A monkey or an ape. [From Middle English Jack Napis, nickname of William de la Pole, Fourth Earl and First Duke of Suffolk (1396-1450).]

(OED) jackanapes

forms:  Also with capital initial(s).

α. Middle English iac nape, Middle English iac napes, Middle English iack napys, Middle English iake napys, Middle English jak napes, Middle English–1500s iack napis, 1500s iack 'nape, 1500s iacke napes, 1500s iacke-napes, 1500s iackenapes, 1500s iacknapes, 1500s jacke napes, 1500s–1600s iack napes, 1600s jack'napes, 1600s jack-napes, 1600s jacknape, 1600s shacknapes.

β. 1500s iack of napes, 1500s iacke of napes, 1500s jack of napes.

γ. 1500s iack a napes, 1500s iacke a napes, 1500s–1600s jack a napes, 1600s iack-a-napes, 1600s jack a-napes, 1600s–1700s jack-a-napes.

δ. 1500s–1600s iack an apes, 1500s–1600s iacke an apes, 1500s–1600s jacke an apes, 1600s iack an-apes, 1600s iack and apes, 1600s iack-an-apes, 1600s iacke an-apes, 1600s iacke-an apes, 1600s iacke-an-apes, 1600s jack-and-apes, 1600s 1800s jack-an-apes.

ε. 1500s iackeanapes, 1500s–1600s iackanapes, 1500s– jackanapes, 1600s iacanapes, 1600s iackanaps, 1600s iakeanapes, 1600s jacanapes, 1600s jackanaps, 1600s jackinapse, 1800s– jackaneyaps (English regional (Isle of Wight)), 1800s– jackanips, 1800s– jackinapes.

η. 1600s iack-a-nape, 1600s jack a nape, 1600s jack-a-nape, 1600s 1800s– jackanape.

ζ. 1600s iack an ape, 1600s iack-an-ape, 1600s iacke an ape, 1600s jack an ape, 1600s 1800s jack-an-ape.

origin: Probably from a proper name, combined with an English element.

etymons: proper name Jacun   or Jakin, ape n.

etymology: Probably < Jacun or Jakin, pet forms of the male forename Jack (see Jack n.2) + ape n., with final -s perhaps after surnames such as Jakkes, Hobbes, Symmes, etc.; apparently coined as a generic proper name for an ape or a person likened to an ape (compare Jack n.² Compounds 1a). Most later forms show reanalysis of the medial element as either a adj. or its variant an.

†1. In form Jack Napes. A depreciative nickname for: William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk (1396–1450). Obsolete.

2. An ape or monkey, typically one kept as a curiosity or for entertainment.

†a. As a proper name. Obsolete.

1. As a common noun. archaic after 18th cent.
2. A person possessing or exhibiting qualities or behaviour associated with (tame) apes or monkeys, esp. in playing tricks, being vain or ostentatious, assuming ridiculous airs, or acting in an impudent or impertinent manner.

†a. As a depreciative name or nickname. Obsolete.

1. As a common noun. In later use also (chiefly humorous): a mischievous or cheeky child. Now somewhat archaic.

†4. depreciative. A crucifix. Obsolete.

†5. Mining. A small guide pulley or roller used to keep a rope straight in the raising of ore or water from a mine. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) jackanapes (n.) mid-15c., "a monkey," also "an impertinent, conceited fellow, an absurd fop," a general term of reproach (in mid-15c. especially a contemptuous nickname for William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk), of unknown origin. Apparently from Jack of Naples, but whether this is some specific personification of Jack (which is attested from 16c. as "saucy or impertinent fellow") or folk etymology of jack (n.) + ape (n.) is unknown. See extensive note in OED. Century Dictionary suggests "orig., it is supposed, a man who exhibited performing apes." Farmer and Henley ("Slang and Its Analogues") say "originally, no doubt, a gaudy-suited and performing ape." Its fem. counterpart is Jane-of-apes (Massinger) "a pert, forward girl."

Jackanapes -கலைச்சொற்கள்       

jackanapes    குரங்கு, குறும்பன், துடுக்கானவன்