பாலி அகராதி

1. Kal:
2. Kalakala:

(adj.) [cp. Sk. kala] any indistinct and confused noise Mhbv 23 (of the tramping of an army); in -mukhara sounding confusedly (of the ocean) ibid. 18. Cp. karakarā.

2. Kalati:

[kal, kālayati] to utter an (indistinct) sound: pp. kalita Th 1, 22.

B.Garh:

1. Garahan@a:

(nt.) reproof VvA 16, as f. °ṇā at Vism 29.

2. Garahati:

[Vedic garhati Dhtp 340 nindāyaṁ] to reproach, to blame, scold, censure, find fault with: agarahiyam mā garahittha "do not blame the blameless" S i.240; D i.161 (tapaṁ to reject, disapprove of); D iii.92, 93 (aor. garahi, grd. garahitabba); Sn 313, 665; Miln 222 (+jigucchanti); PvA 125, 126; Sdhp. 382. — pp. garahita blameworthy Dh 30 (pamādo); Sn 313; J v.453; Miln 288 (dasa puggalā g.). agarahita blameless, faultless PvA 89 (=anindita, 131). — See also gārayha & cp. vi°.

3. Garaha$:

(f.) blame, reproach D i.135 "stating an example," see DA i.296; D iii.92, 93; Sn 141; J i.10 (garahapaṭicchādanabhāva preventing all occasion for finding fault); 132 (garaha — bhaya — bhīta for fear of blame), 135 (garahatthe as a blame); Nett 184.

4. Garahin:

(adj.) blaming, censuring Sn 660 (ariya°), 778 (atta°), 913 (anatta°); Miln 380 (pāpa°).

1. Ṡvas:

1. Sasati²:

Sasati2 [śvas] to breathe (cp. Dhtp 301: pāṇana): see vissasati.

2. Sa$sa:

[Sk. śvāsa, fr. śvas] asthma A v.110; J vi.295.

       3. Assa$sa:

[Sk. āśvāsa, ā + śvas] 1. (lit.) breathing, esp. breathing out (so Vism 272), exhalation, opp. to passāsa inhalation, with which often combd. or contrasted; thus as cpd. Assāsapassāsa meaning breathing (in & out), sign of life, process of breathing, breath D ii.157 = S i.159 = Th 1, 905; D iii.266; M i.243; S i.106; iv.293; v.330, 336; A iv.409; v.135; J ii.146; vi.82; Miln 31, 85; Vism 116, 197. — assāsa in contrast with passāsa at Ps i.95, 164 sq., 182 sq. — 2. (fig.) breathing easily,  freely or quietly, relief, comfort, consolation, confidence M i.64; S ii.50 (dhamma — vinaye); iv.254 (param — assāsa — ppatta); A i.192; iii.297 sq. (dhamma — vinaye); iv.185; J vi.309 (see assattha2); Miln 354; PvA 104 (°matta only a little breathing space); Sdhp 299 (param°), 313.

4. Assa$saka:

(adj. n.) [fr. assāsa] 1. (cp. assāsa 1) having breath, breathing, in an° not able to draw breath Vin iii.84; iv.111. — 2. (cp. assāsa2) (m. & nt.) that which   gives comfort & relief, confidence, expectancy J i.84; vi. 150. Cp. next.

5. Assa$sika:

(adj.) [fr. assāsa in meaning of assāsa 2, cp. Assāsaka 2] only in neg. an° not able to afford comfort, giving no comfort or security M i.514; iii.30; J ii.298 (= aññaṁ assāsetuṁ asamatthaṭāya na assāsika). Cp. BSk. Anāśvāsika in ster. phrase anitya adhruva anāśvāsika vipariṇāmadharman Divy 207; Av. Ś. 139, 144; whereas the corresp. Pāli equivalent runs anicca addhuva asassata (= appāyuka) vipariṇāma — dhamma thus inviting the conjecture that BSk. āśvāsika is somehow distorted out of P. asassata.

6. Assa$sin:

  (adj.) [Sk. āśvāsin] reviving, cheering up, consoled, happy S iv.43 (an°).

7. Assa$seti:

[Caus. of assasati] to console, soothe, calm, comfort, satisfy J vi.190, 512; DhA i.13.

8. Nirussa$sa:

(adj.) [cp. Sk. nirucchvāsa, nis+ussāsa] breathless J iii.416; iv.121, cp. vi.197; vi.82.

9. Passa$sa:

[fr. pa+śvas] inhaled breath, inhalation S i.106, 159; Ps i.95, 164 sq., 182 sq. Usually in combn assāsapassāsa (q. v.). At Vism 272 passāsa is expl1 as "ingoing wind" and assāsa as "outgoing wind."

10. Passa$sin:

                         (adj.) [fr. passāsa] breathing; in ghuru — ghuru° snoring S i.117.

11. Vissattha:

[pp. of vissasati] trusting or trusted; confident; being confided in or demanding confidence, intimate, friendly A iii.114; Vin i.87 (so read for ṭṭh); iv.21; J ii.305; iii.343; Miln 109 (bahu^o enjoying great confidence); SnA 188 (°bhāva state of confidence); Sdhp 168, 593. — vissaṭṭhena (instr.) in confidence Vin ii.99. — Cp. abhi^o.

12. Vissasati & Vissa$seti:

[vi+sasati, of śvas] to confide in, to put one's trust in (loc. or gen.), to be friendly with S i.79 (vissase); J  i.461 (vissāsayitvā); iii.148=525 (vissāsaye); iv.56; vi.292. — pp. vissattha.

13. Vissa$sa:

[vi+sāsa, of śvas] trust, confidence, intimacy, mutual agreement Vin i.296; 308, A ii.78; J i.189, 487; Miln 126;  Vism 190; VvA 66; PvA 13, 265. dubbissāsa difficult to

be trusted J iv.462.

14. Vissa$saka:

(& ^oika) (adj.) [vissāsa] intimate, confidential; trustworthy A i.26; Miln 146; DA i.289.

15. Vassa$saniya:

(adj.) [grd. of vissāseti] to be trusted, trustworthy PvA 9; Sdhp 306, 441; neg. a° J iii.474; cp. Dubbissāsaniya hard to trust J iv.462.

16. Vissa$sin:

(adj.) [fr. vissāsa] intimate, confidential A iii.136 (asanthava° intimate, although not acquainted).

1. Krus^:

1. Kotthu:

[koṭṭhu J only: cp. Sk. kroṣṭu, of kruś] a jackal D iii.25, 26; M i.334; Nd1 149 (spelt koṭṭhu); J vi.537 (°sunā: expld by sigāla — sunakhā, katthu — soṇā ti pi pāṭho). kotthuka (and koṭṭhuka)=prec. S i.66 (where text has kutthaka) J ii.108; Miln 23.

2. Akkosa:

[ā + kruś = kruñc, see kuñca & koñca2; to sound, root kr̥, see note on gala] shouting at, abuse, insult, reproach, reviling Sn 623; Miln 8 (+ paribhāsa); SnA 492; ThA 256; PvA 243; DhA ii.61.   -vatthu always as dasa a° — vatthūni 10 bases of abuse,10 expressions of cursing J i.191; SnA 364, 467; DhA i.212;iv.2.

3. Akkosaka:

(adj.) [from last] one who abuses, scolds or reviles, + paribhāsaka A ii.58; iii.252; iv.156; v.317; PvA 251. 

4. Akkosati:

[to krus see akkosa] to scold, swear at, abuse, revile J i.191; ii.416; iii.27; DhA i.211; ii.44. Often combd with paribhāsati, e. g. Vin ii.296; DhA iv.2; PvA 10. — aor. akkocchi Dh 3; J iii.212 (= akkosi DhA i.43. Der. Wrongly fr. krudh by Kacc. vi.417; cp. Franke, Einh. Pāli — gramm. 37, and Geiger, P. Gr. § 164). — pp. akkuṭṭha (q. v.).

5. Ukkut@t@hi:

(f.) [fr. ud + kruś, cp. *kruñc as in P. kuñca & Sk. krośati] shouting out, acclamation J ii.367; vi.41; Bu i.35; Miln 21; Vism 245; DhA ii.43; VvA 132 (^osadda).

6. Ukkusa:

[see ukkuṭṭhi & cp. BSk. utkrośa watchman (?) Divy 453] an osprey J iv.291 (°rāja), 392.

7. Kun~ca:

(nt.) [kruñc, cp. Sk. krośati, Pali koñca, Lat. crocio, cornix, corvus; Gr. κρώςω, κραυγή; all of crowing noise; from sound — root k&rcircle;, see note on gala] a crowing or trumpeting noise (in compounds only). — kāra cackling (of a hen) ThA 255; -nāda trumpeting (of an elephant) J iii.114.

சிங்களம்

Sinhala

1. kal

Kala, s time, period; dancing girl; threshing floor; vinegar; good; kind of bird, Indian cuckoo; low or soft tone as chirping or buzzing; digit or one sixteenth of the moon's diameter; division of time equal to thirty káshht@ás or about eight seconds; part or portion; menstrual discharge; boat: fraud, deceit: goodness; dexterity; semen virile; Yama, the regent of death; crab; woman; poison; mould, matrix.

Kalakala, s. confused noise of a crowd, tumult, loud murmuring.

Kalarawa, s. Indian cuckoo; dove, pigeon.

1. Garh

Garhan@a, s. censure, blame, reproach. Colloq. ge@rahima.]

Garháwa, s. censure, contempt.

Garhita, a. contemptible, despised.

Garhya, a. low, vile, contemptible. Colloq. nicha.]\

Garhyákaran@awá. v. to abuse, to censure, to blame; to despise, to contemn, to treat without respect; to disgrace Colloq. nindákaran@awá.]

1. s^vas

S@wasana, s. (to breathe, lyut@ aff) air, wind; breathing, breath; sighing; plant, thorny shrub, randia dumetorum, Colloq. kukurumuwan@]'\ .

S@wása, s. (s@wasa to breathe, n@a aff.) breath, breathing; air, wind; sighing, sigh.

S@wása-práswása, s. inspiration, expiration) respiration, breathing.

As@wása, s. inhaled air.

Avis@wása, a. trust mistrusted, unfaithful, unfriendly, unbelieving.

Urdhwas@wása, s. (urdhva up, breathing) difficulty of breathing; rattling in the throat which precedes death,

Nis@s@wása, s. breath, breath expired.

Vis@wása, s. (s@wasa to breath  or live) trust, faith, confidence, belief.

Vis@wásakama, s. confidence, friendship.

Vis@wásakaran@awá, v. to confide, to believe, to trust.

Vis@wásaya, see vis@wása

Vis@wásayá, s. confidence, pers. aff.) friend, companion, associate, confidant.

Vis@wási, a. trusting; honest, trusty.

Susma,s. breath, breathing, respiration; also susuma.

Prás@wásaya, s. (pra and ás@wása inspiration) expirated breath.

1. Krus^

Akrós@a, s. abuse, curse, censure, an oath.

Apakros@a, s. (against, krus@a to call out) abuse, reviling. [Colloq. nindáwa.]

CRY (V.)

(Chambers) cry v. Probably before 1200 crien beg, implore, in An- crene Riwle; borrowed from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre, from Latin quirītāre cry out, wail, of uncertain origin (folk etymology refers to a meaning of to implore the aid of the Quiītērs or Roman citizens, plural of Quirīs Roman citizen, originally with the meaning of citizen of the Sabine town of Curēs).

The meaning of make a noise of grief or pain is first recorded about 1280. In this sense cry has replaced weep in everyday speech.

-n. About 1280, borrowed from Old French cri, from Vulgar Latin *crītum, from *crītāre to cry. -crier n. 1221, as a surname Criur; later crior, criour an officer who makes public announcements, town crier (prob ably about 1350); and crier (before 1387); borrowed from Old French criere, from crier, v. -crybaby n. (1851, American English) -crying n. (probably before 1300); adj. Before 1398, shouting or roaring; later, de- manding attention, very bad (1607).

(Onions) cry krai call out for; call loudly; announce publicly; shout in lamentation xiii; weep xvr. - (O)F. crier = Pr. cridar, Sp., Pg. gritar, It. gridare :- L. quiritāre cry aloud, wail, orig., acc. to Varro, call upon the Quirites, or Roman citizens, for help. So cry sb. loud utterance. xiii. - (O)F. cri = Pr. crit, Sp., Pg. grito, It. grido; CRam. f. the vb.

(American Heritage) cry v. cried, cry·ing, cries. — v. intr. 1. To sob or shed tears because of grief, sorrow, or pain; weep. 2. To call loudly; shout. 3. To utter a characteristic sound or call. Used of an animal. 4. To demand or require immediate action or remedy: grievances crying out for redress. — v. tr. 1. To utter loudly; call out. 2. To proclaim or announce in public: crying one’s wares in the marketplace. 3. To bring into a particular condition by weeping: cry oneself to sleep. 4. Archaic. To beg for; implore: cry forgiveness. — n. pl. cries. 1. A loud utterance of an emotion, such as fear, anger, or despair. 2. A loud exclamation; a shout or call. 3. A fit of weeping: had a good long cry. 4. An urgent entreaty or appeal. 5. A public or general demand or complaint. 6. A common view or general report. 7. An advertising of wares by calling out: venders’ cries at the fish market. 8. A rallying call or signal: a cry to arms. 9. A slogan, especially a political one. 10. The characteristic call or utterance of an animal. 11. a. The baying of hounds during the chase. b. A pack of hounds. 12. Obsolete. Clamor; outcry. 13. Obsolete. A public announcement; a proclamation. —phrasal verbs. cry down. To belittle or disparage. cry off. To break or withdraw from a promise, agreement, or undertaking. cry up. To praise highly; extol. —idioms. cry havoc. To sound an alarm; warn. cry (one’s) eyes out (or cry (one’s) heart out). To weep inconsolably for a long time. cry on (someone’s) shoulder. To tell one’s problems to someone else in an attempt to gain sympathy or consolation. cry over spilled milk. To regret in vain what cannot be undone or rectified. cry wolf. To raise a false alarm. in full cry. In hot pursuit, as hounds hunting. [Middle English crien, from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crita$re, from Latin quiri$ta$re, to cry out.]

(OED) cry(v)

forms:  Past tense and participle cried Hear pronunciation/kraɪd/. Forms: Middle English crie-n, (Middle English creie-n), Middle English–1600s crie, crye, Middle English– cry, (Middle English crei, crij, cri, criȝe, criy). past tense Middle English cryde, Middle English criede, cryede, Middle English–1600s cride, cryed, Middle English– cried, (Middle English crijd, crid, creid, 1600s cri'd, 1600s–1700s cry'd)

etymology: < French crier = Provençal cridar, Old Spanish cridar, Italian gridare, Spanish gritar < Latin quirītāre to raise a plaintive cry, to wail, scream, shriek out, cry aloud, bewail, lament, originally (according to Varro) to implore the aid of the Quirītes or Roman citizens: ‘quiritare dicitur is qui Quiritum fidem clamans implorat’.

1. transitive. To entreat, beg, beseech, implore, in a loud and removed or excited voice.
2. with the thing begged as direct object. Obsolete. (Now cry for.) Hence to cry quarter n., truce n.: see these words.
3. with the person addressed as indirect (dative) object, and the thing begged as direct object; esp. in to cry him mercy, and analogous phrases. Obsolete. (The earliest known English use.)
4. with on, to him, in place of the dative. Obsolete.
5. with const. him (to him) of (grace). Obsolete.
6. To call in supplication or reverential invocation (on, upon, unto, to a person).
7. a. intransitive. Obsolete or archaic.
8. with object sentence containing the utterance, or clause expressing its purport. (Now merged in sense 3.)
9. figurative (intransitive) Of things. Cf. 7 and to cry out at Phrasal verbs 1.
10. a. intransitive. To utter the voice loudly and with exclamatory effort, whether under the influence of emotion, as indignation, fear, pain, surprise, or merely in order to be heard afar, or above any noise that would prevent the ordinary speaking voice from being heard or distinguished; to call aloud (to a person), shout, vociferate.
11. in connection with sale by candle (candle n. Phrases 4). Obsolete.
12. quasi-transitive with complemental accusative.
13. transitive. To utter or pronounce in a loud exclamatory voice, to call out. The object may be
14. a description or term for the utterance.
15. the word or words uttered.
16. a clause stating their effect.
17. spec. To shout (a war cry, watchword, or the like)
18. a. To announce publicly so as to be heard by all concerned; to give oral public notice of, to proclaim; to appoint or ordain by proclamation.
19. (a) To announce (a sale, things for sale); to sell by outcry; to offer for sale by auction or by hawking in the streets.

(b) Proverb. to cry stinking fish.

1. To give public oral notice of (things lost or found).
2. To proclaim the marriage banns of; to ‘ask’ in church.
3. e. To read or recite aloud in the streets.
4. To summon in a loud voice; to call (to come). Obsolete.
5. To call for, demand loudly. Also figurative of things. Obsolete.
6. To extol; = to cry up at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.
7. a. intransitive. To utter inarticulate exclamations, esp. of grief, lamentation, or suffering, such as are usually accompanied with tears; to weep and wail.
8. a. This passes in later use into: To weep, shed tears; used even where no sound is uttered.
9. quasi-transitive. to cry tears, cry oneself blind (also sick, to sleep), etc. Also to cry one's eyes out at eye n.1 Phrases 2f, to cry one's heart out at heart n., int., and adv. Phrases 6c(b).
10. a. intransitive. Of an animal: To give forth a loud call or vocal sound; to utter its characteristic call.
11. Said of the yelping of hounds in the chase.
12. quasi-transitive.

†12. transferred. Of things inanimate: To emit a wheezing or creaking sound. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) cry (v.) mid-13c., "yell (something) out, utter" (transitive); c. 1300, "beg, implore; speak earnestly and loudly; advertise by calling out," from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *critare, from Latin quiritare "to wail, shriek" (source of Italian gridare, Old Spanish cridar, Spanish and Portuguese gritar), which is of uncertain origin.

cry -கலைச்சொற்கள்                                  

epileptic cry                                       கால்-கை வலிப்புக்கத்தல்   

cry                                                       அழுகை         

crysalyesia                                        குளிர்பெற்று-வலி    

cryanesthesia                                   குளிர்வுணர்வாற்றலிழப்பு  

cryesthesia                                        குளிருணர்வுக் கோளாறு    

crying                                                 உரத்து அழைத்தல்   

battle - cry                                         போர்க்குரல் 

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

outcry                                                 கூக்குரல், கூப்பாடு 

outcry                                                 விஞ்சிக் குரலெழுப்பு           

gathering-cry                                     பொருநர் கூவொலி 

cry                                                       அழுகை, புலம்பல், கூச்சல், ஆரவாரம், பேரொலி          

cry-baby                                             சிறு பிள்ளைத்தனமாக அழுபவர்   

battle-cry                                            போர்க்குரல், போர்க்கூச்சல்           

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

CRY (N.)

(Skeat) cry, to call aloud, lament, bawl. (F., —L.) M.E. crien, cryen; Rob. of Glouc. p. 401. The sb. cri is in Havelok, 1. 270, and in Layamon, ii. 75.—O.F. crier, to cry; of which fuller forms occur in Ital. gridare, Span. gridar, and Port. gritar. ─ Lat, quiritare, to shriek, cry, lament; see brachet. This is a frequentative form of Lat. queri, to lament, complaint. See Querulous. Der. cry, sb., cri-er.

(John Ayto) cry [13] Cry comes via Old French crier from Latin quirītāre, which, according to the Roman etymologist Marcus Terentius Varo, meant originally ‘call for the help of the Quirites’. This was a term for those who held the rank of Roman citizen; it is of uncertain origin, variously explained as coming from an Italic word for ‘lance’ and as denoting those who lived in the Sabine town of Cures. The more banal truth, however, is that the Latin verb was probably of imitative origin.

(American Heritage) See Cry (v)

(OED) cry (n)

forms:  Plural cries. Forms: Middle English cri, Middle English– cry. Also Middle English–1600s crie, crye, (Middle English krie, krye); plural Middle English–1600s cryes.

etymology: < French cri = Provençal crit, Catalan crit, Spanish grito, Italian grido, < stem of crier (cridar, gridare) to cry v.

1. a. The loud and chiefly inarticulate utterance of emotion; esp. of grief, pain, or terror.
2. (with a and plural). A shout or exclamation of pain, grief, terror, etc.; a scream, shriek, wail.
3. An exclamation expressive of any emotion.
4. in Pathology. (See quot. 1882.)
5. †a. Shouting, calling in a voice loud and uttered with effort. Obsolete.
6. b. A shout, a loud and excited utterance.
7. The loud and excited utterance of words; the words as shouted.
8. The united shouting with which seamen, etc. accompany their combined exertions.
9. 3. An importunate call, a prayer, entreaty; an appeal for mercy, justice, etc.
10. A formal authoritative summons; a ‘call’.
11. a. An announcement made in public in a loud voice; a proclamation. Obsolete in general sense.
12. plural. The proclamation of banns of marriage; the ‘askings’. Obsolete.
13. The proclamation of wares to be sold in the streets; the words in which wares are cried, as London cries.
14. hue and cry: see hue and cry n.
15. The mingled noise of people shouting; clamour, tumultuous noise, outcry. Obsolete.
16. a. Rumour, public report.
17. b. The public voice loudly uttered in approval, denunciation, etc.; the vox populi.
18. A form of words in which popular opinion on any matter finds general utterance; an opinion very generally expressed.
19. a. Something shouted to encourage and rally a party; a watchword; a war cry, a battle-cry; a rallying cry. literal and figurative.
20. b. esp. A political or electioneering watchword; a legislative proposal or scheme designed as a rallying cry for the members of a party in a contest.
21. A fit of weeping: a good cry, an energetic fit of weeping that relieves the feelings (colloquial).
22. 11. The vocal utterance of animals; esp. the particular call of any animal.
23. a. The yelping of hounds in the chase.
24. Hence various phrases: e.g. to give cry, to open upon the cry; full cry, full pursuit; also figurative.
25. 13. transferred.
26. A pack of hounds.
27. b. contemptuously. A ‘pack’ (of people).
28. The creaking, crackling noise emitted by some metals, esp. tin, when bent. See also quot. 1873.
29. Combined with an adv., as cry-out, the act of crying out, exclamation, outcry.

(Online Etymology) cry (n.) late 13c., "an announcement, proclamation;" c. 1300, "any loud or passionate utterance; any loud or inarticulate sound from a human or beast," also "entreaty, prayer," from cry (v.). By 1852 as "a fit of weeping;" from 1540s as "word or phrase used in battle." From 1530s as "the yelping of hounds in the chase."

CRYING (ADJ.)

(American Heritage) cry·ing adj. Demanding or requiring action or attention: a crying need. —idiom. for crying out loud. Used to express annoyance or astonishment: Let’s get going, for crying out loud!

(OED) crying (adj.)

etymology: -ing suffix2.

That cries.

1. Exclaiming, shouting, clamorous; roaring.
2. Wailing, weeping.
3. Of evils: That forces itself upon notice, and calls loudly for redress; clamant, notorious.

(Online Etymology) crying (adj.) late 14c., "roaring, shouting;" 1590s, "wailing, weeping," present-participle adjective from cry (v.). Sense of "demanding attention or remedy" is from c. 1600. U.S. colloquial expression of disgust, impatience, etc., for crying out loud, is by 1921, probably a euphemism for for Christ's sake.

crying -கலைச்சொற்கள்                             

crying                                                 அழுதல்          

                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

CRIED 

(American Heritage) cried v. Past tense and past participle of cry.

(Online Etymology) cried  past tense and past participle of cry (v.).

cried -கலைச்சொற்கள்                               

cried, v. cry                                        என்பதன் இறந்தகால-முடிவெச்ச வடிவம்

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

CRIER (N.)

(American Heritage) cri·er n. 1. An official who announces the orders of a court of law. 2. A town crier. 3. A hawker.

(Online Etymology) crier (n.) late 13c., "officer who makes public pronouncements in a court of justice," agent noun from cry (v.). From early 13c. as a surname. Meaning "one appointed by a town or community to utter public proclamations" (the town crier sense) is from late 14c.

crier -கலைச்சொற்கள்                                

crier                                                    கத்துநன், அழுநன்   

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

crier                                                    அழுபவர், கூச்சலிடுபவர், முரசறைவோர்

                  -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

CRYBABY (N.)

(American Heritage) cry·ba·by n. A person who cries or complains frequently with little cause.

(OED) cry-baby

forms:  Also cry-babby.

etymology: < cry n. or cry v. stem.

A derisive appellation for one who cries childishly.

(Online Etymology) crybaby (n.) also cry-baby, derisive word for one who cries too easily or too much, 1851, American English, from cry + baby (n.).

DECRY (V.)

(Skeat) decry, to cry down, condemn. (F.,—L.) In Dryden, Prol. to Tyrannic Love, 1. 4. —O.F. descrier, ‘to cry down, or call in, uncurrent or naughty coin; also, publiquely to discredit, disparage, dis-grace;’ Cot. —O.F. des-, Lat. dis-, implying the reversal of an act, and here opposed to ‘cry up;’ and O.F. crier, to cry. See cry. Der. decri-al.

(Chambers) decry v. denounce. 1617, borrowed from French décrier, from Old French descrier cry out, proclaim, announce (des-down, out, from Latin dis- + crier to cry). Related to descry.

(Onions) decry denounce by proclamation; disparage openly. xvii. f. DE-⁴ +cry vb., after (O)F. décrier, in the senses of cry down (xv, xvi).

(American Heritage) de·cry v. tr. de·cried, de·cry·ing, de·cries. 1. To condemn openly. 2. To depreciate (currency, for example) by official proclamation or by rumor. [French decrier, from Old French descrier: des-, de- + crier, to cry; see cry.]

(OED) decry

forms:  Also 1500s–1600s decrie. past tense and participle decried.

origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French décrier.

etymology: < French décrier, in 14th cent. descrier, < des-, de- (see de- prefix 1f) + crier to cry. In English the prefix appears always to have been taken in sense ‘down’: see de- prefix 1d.

1. transitive. To denounce, condemn, suppress, or depreciate by proclamation; = to cry down at cry v. Phrasal verbs 1; chiefly said of foreign or obsolete coins; also to bring down the value (of any article) by the utterance or circulation of statements.
2. To cry out against; to disparage or condemn openly; to attack the credit or reputation of; = to cry down at cry v. Phrasal verbs 1.

(Online Etymology) decry (v.) 1610s, "to cry down, speak disparagingly of;" 1640s, "clamor against actively and publicly," from French decrier (14c.; Old French descrier "cry out, announce"), from des- "apart" (see dis-) + crier "to cry," from Latin quiritare (see cry (v.)). In English, the sense has been colored by the presumption that de- in this word means "down."

decry -கலைச்சொற்கள்                              

decry                                                  இகழ்ந்துரை, குறைகூறு, கண்டி    

                                                                    -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

DESCRY (V.2)

(Skeat) descry, to make out, espy. (F., —L.) In early use. M.E. descryen, discryen. ‘No couthe ther non so much discrye’ [badly spelt discryghe, but riming with nygremauncye], i.e. nor could any one discern so much; King Alisaunder, 1. 137. —O. F. descrire, a shorter spelling of descrivre, to describe; cf. mod. F. décrire. - Lat. describere, to describe. See describe. ¶ Thus the word is merely a doublet of describe; but it was not well understood, and we frequently find in our authors a tendency to confuse it with discern on the one hand, or with decry on the other. See discern, decry. [†]

(Chambers) Descry¹ v. catch sight of, make out; discern. Probably about 1300 discrien see, catch sight of, discover; later descrien (1375); borrowed from Old French descrire, descrivre describe, explain (rarely), make visible, from Latin dēscrībere describe. The meaning of catch sight of, probably developed from the Old French sense of make visible.

Descry² v. to cry out, proclaim, announce. About 1350 discrien announce, declare; earlier descrien to taunt or challenge (before 1338); borrowed from Old French decrier, descrier call out, proclaim; see decry.

(Onions) descry A.  †proclaim, declare, †disclose; †cry down, decry xiv; B. catch sight of, discern xiv. -OF. descrier cry, publish, decry. Sense B appears to have arisen through identification with †descrie (-OF. descrire), var. of †descrive (see prec.), which combined the senses of 'write down, describe' and 'mark down, discern'.

(American Heritage) de·scry v. tr. de·scried, de·scry·ing, de·scries. 1. To catch sight of (something difficult to discern). See Synonyms at see1. 2. To discover by careful observation or scrutiny; detect: descried a message of hope in her words. [Middle English descrien, from Old French descrier, to call, cry out. See decry.]

(OED) descry 

forms:  Middle English discri, Middle English driscrye (transmission error), Middle English dyscrye, Middle English–1500s descrye, Middle English–1500s dyscry, Middle English–1600s descrie, Middle English–1600s discrye, Middle English–1700s discrie, Middle English– descry, 1500s diskried (past tense), 1500s–1600s discride (past participle), 1500s–1700s discry, 1600s descring (present participle).

origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French descrier.

etymology: In branch I., of uncertain origin: perhaps a specific sense development from branch II. (see note below).

In branches II. and III. < Middle French descrier (French décrier) to announce the depreciation or suppression of a currency (13th cent. in Old French), to announce, proclaim (late 14th cent.), to decry, denounce (a1475) < des- des- prefix + crier cry v.

Compare later decry v.

1. To catch sight of, observe, discover.
2. transitive. To catch sight of, esp. from a distance. In early use frequently: spec. (of a scout or sentinel) to espy (an approaching enemy). Now chiefly literary.
3. a. transitive. To discover or perceive (a person, thing, fact, etc.), esp. by careful observation; to detect, discern, observe. Also occasionally intransitive. Now chiefly literary.

†b. transitive. To distinguish (one thing) from another thing. Also intransitive: to distinguish between things. Obsolete.

3. 3. transitive. To investigate (a matter, situation, etc.); to spy out (a place). Obsolete.
4. To announce, make known.
5. a. transitive. To announce, proclaim, declare; to say publicly or openly. Obsolete.
6. transitive. spec. To announce (something) as a herald or messenger. Obsolete.
7. †a. transitive. To disclose treacherously (something confidential); to reveal, betray (a secret). Also (and later chiefly): to be the agency or means by which (a secret, a hidden person, etc.) is discovered or revealed. Cf. discover v. 1. Obsolete.
8. Without implication of injurious revelation: to make visible or apparent; spec.

†(a) transitive. Of a physical characteristic: to indicate, be evidence of (a quality, feeling, etc.). Obsolete.

(b) transitive. Of light: to reveal (something previously unseen or obscure). Now chiefly literary.

III. Senses corresponding to ascry v.   and decry v.

6. transitive. To challenge to a fight; to taunt; = ascry v. 1b. Obsolete.
7. transitive. To denounce, censure; to rebuke, criticize; = decry v. 2.
8. 8. transitive. To proclaim (a type of coin, currency, etc.) to be no longer legal tender. Cf. decry v. 1. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) descry (v.2) mid-14c., "to proclaim, announce, make known," a word now obsolete, from Old French descrier, from des- (see dis-) + crier, from Latin quiritare "to wail, shriek" (see cry (v.)).

descry -கலைச்சொற்கள்                             

descry                                                கண்டறிவு     

desecration                                       தூய்மை கெடுத்தல்  

desensitive                                        உணர்விழப்புற்ற     

desensitization                                 புலனுணர்வகற்றல்  

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

descry                                                கண்டுபிடிப்பு, (வினை) நோக்கியறி         

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

OUTCRY (N.)

(Skeat) outcry, a crying out, clamour. (Hybrid; E. and F., ─ L.) In Shak. Romeo, v. 3. 193; and in Palsgrave. See cry.

(American Heritage) out·cry n. pl. out·cries. 1. A loud cry or clamor. 2. A strong protest or objection: public outcry over the rise in prices.

(OED) outcry (n.)

forms:  see out- prefix   and cry n.

origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: out- prefix, cry n.

etymology: < out- prefix + cry n. Compare outcry v., to cry out at cry v. Phrasal verbs 1.

1. a. The act of crying out; an excited exclamation or shout; noise or uproar; an (esp. accusatory) clamour.
2. spec. A vehement public protest (against or over something). Also (more rarely): a popular demand for.

†2. Rhetoric. A conventional phrase of exclamation, indicating joy, sorrow, amazement, etc.; = ecphonesis n. Obsolete.

3. a. A public sale to the highest bidder; an auction. Cf. open outcry n. at open adj. Compounds 3. Now chiefly U.S. regional.
4. The crying of articles in the streets for sale. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) Outcry (n.) mid-14c., "act of crying aloud, a loud or vehement clamor," especially of indignation or distress, from out (adv.) + cry (v.). In metaphoric sense of "public protest," it is attested by 1911 in George Bernard Shaw.

Outcry -கலைச்சொற்கள்                            

outcry                                                 விஞ்சிக் குரலெழுப்பு, மேம்பட்டுக் கூக்குரலிடு.  

                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

from a PIE root *kues- "to hiss"

Querulous Related Words:

QUARREL (N.1), QUERIMONIOUS (ADJ.), QUERULOUS (ADJ.)

QUARREL (N.1)

(Skeat) quarrel (1), a dispute, brawl. (F., —L.) It should rather be querrel, but has been assimilated in spelling to the word below. M.E. querele (with one r), Chaucer, tr. of Boethius, b. iii. pr. 3, 1. 1932. —O. F. querele, later querelle, ‘a quarrel;’ Cot. (He gives both forms.) ─Lat. guerela, a complaint.  ─Lat. queri, to complain, lament. See querulous. Der. quarrel, verb, Romeo, i. 1. 39, 59, &c.; quar-rel-er; quarrel-some, As You Like It, v. 4. 85; quarrel-some-ness; quarrel-ous, Cymb. iii. 4. 162. [†]

(Chambers) quarrel¹ n. angry dispute. 1340 querele a dispute, in Ayenbite of Inwyt; later quarele complaint, cause for a dispute (probably about 1375); borrowed from Old French quarrel, querele, and directly from Latin querella, variant of querēla a complaining, complaint, from querī to complain, lament, with past participle questus, cognate with Sanskrit śvásati he pants, from Indo-European *ƙwes- (Pok.631). -v. Before 1393 querelen to dispute, in a supplement to Gower's Confessio Amantis, from the noun in Middle English. -quarrelsome adj. 1596, in Shakespeare's The Taming of The Shrew; formed from English quarrel, n. + -some¹. Though the spelling quar- has been the established form from late Middle English times, the spelling quer- has remained in querulous.

quarrel² n. a square-headed bolt or arrow used with a crossbow. Before 1250 quarreus, pl., in Ancrene Riwle; later quarel (probably before 1300); borrowed from Old French quarel, plural quarreaus, from Vulgar Latin *quadrellus, diminutive of Late Latin quadrus, adj., square, related to quattuor four. The sense of a square or diamond-shaped pane of glass is first recorded in English in 1447.

(John Ayto) quarrel English has two words quarrel, one of them now little more than a historical memory. Quarrel ‘argument’ [14] goes back via Old French querele to Latin querēla, a derivative of querī ‘complain’. Also based on querī was querulus ‘complaining’, from which English gets querulous [15]. Quarrel ‘crossbow arrow’ [13] comes via Old French quarel from Vulgar Latin *quadrellus, a diminutive form of late Latin quadrus ‘square’ (the quarrel had a ‘square’ head). And quadrus was based on the stem quadr- ‘four’, source of English quadrangle, quadrant, quadruped, etc. ® querulous; quarter

(American Heritage) quar·rel¹ n. 1. An angry dispute; an altercation. 2. A cause of a dispute or an argument: We have no quarrel with the findings of the committee. — v. intr. quar·reled or quar·relled, quar·rel·ing or quar·rel·ling, quar·rels or quar·rels. 1. To engage in a quarrel; dispute angrily. See Synonyms at argue. 2. To disagree; differ: I quarrel with your conclusions. 3. To find fault; complain. [Middle English querele, from Old French, complaint, from Latin querella, quere$la, from queri$, to complain. See kwes- in Appendix.]

(OED) quarrel

forms:

α. early Middle English cwarreaus (plural), early Middle English quarreaus (plural), early Middle English quarreus (plural).

β. Middle English quarele, Middle English quareyll, Middle English querel, Middle English querelle, Middle English qwarel, Middle English qwarell, Middle English–1500s quarelle, Middle English–1600s quarel, Middle English–1600s quarell, Middle English–1800s quarrell, 1500s quarle, 1500s quar'le, 1500s quarrelle, 1500s querell, 1500s qwarelle, 1500s– quarrel; English regional 1700s quarral, 1800s quar'l (Devon), 1800s quarril, 1800s– quarel, 1800s– quarl, 1800s– quarle (Lancashire), 1900s– quarrell; also Scottish pre-1700 querral, pre-1700 1700s querrell.

γ. Middle English wharl (Lancashire, in a late copy), 1800s wharril (English regional (Yorkshire)).

See also quarry n.3

origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French quarele.

etymology: < Anglo-Norman quarele, Anglo-Norman and Old French quarel, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French quarrel (Middle French, French carreau) bolt for a crossbow (c1100), flat and either rectangular or square floor tile or paving-stone (1160), small pane of glass for use in windows (1318) < post-classical Latin quadrellus (also quarellus) bolt for a crossbow (frequently from 12th cent. in British and continental sources), tile, paving-stone (13th cent. in British and continental sources) < classical Latin quadrum a square (see quadrate v.) + -ellus -el suffix2. Compare Old Occitan cairel, cariel (14th cent.), Spanish cuadrillo (c1250), both in sense ‘bolt for a crossbow’, Italian quadrello bolt for a crossbow, square stone (both 13th cent.: see quadrel n.).

1. a. A short, heavy arrow or bolt with a four-sided (typically square) head for shooting from a crossbow or arbalest. Now chiefly historical.
2. English regional (East Anglian). A blunt-headed arrow of a type used for shooting birds; = bird bolt n. Obsolete.
3. More fully quarrel needle. A needle having a square cross-section. Obsolete. rare.
4. A small, diamond-shaped (or occasionally square) pane of glass, of the kind used in making lattice windows. Now usually attributive. Cf. quarry n.3 1.
5. A square floor tile; (also occasionally as a mass noun): such tiles collectively. Cf. quarry n.3 2, quarl n.2 Now English regional (northern).

†5. Any of various tools having a square or diamond-shaped cutting edge, such as a glazier's diamond, a four-sided graver, or a stonemason's chisel. Obsolete. rare.

(Online Etymology) quarrel (n.1)  [angry dispute] mid-14c., querele, "dispute, altercation," also "ground for complaint," from Old French querele "matter, concern, business; dispute, controversy" (Modern French querelle) and directly from Latin querella "complaint, accusation; lamentation," from queri "to complain, lament," from Proto-Italic *kwese-, of uncertain etymology, perhaps, via the notion of "to sigh," from a PIE root *kues- "to hiss" (source also of Sanskrit svasiti "to hiss, snort"), which is not very compelling, but no better etymology has been offered. 

quarrel -கலைச்சொற்கள்                           

quarrel                                                சச்சரவு, கட்ட நுதியம்பு      

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

quarrel                                                குறையீடு, குறைபட்டுக்கொள்வதற்குரிய காரணம்       

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

Quarrel                                               சண்டை போடு        

                        -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி (2015)

QUERIMONIOUS (ADJ.)

(Skeat) querimonious, fretful, discontented. (L.) ‘Most querimoniously confessing;’ Denham, A Dialogue (R.) Formed with suffix -ous (=F. -eux, Lat. -osus) from querimōnia, a complaint. - Lat. queri, to complain; with Aryan suffixes -man-ya. See querulous. Der. querimonious-ly, -ness.

(OED) querimonious 

forms:  1600s queremonious, 1600s– querimonious.

origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: querimony n., -ous suffix.

etymology: < querimony n. + -ous suffix. Compare post-classical Latin querimoniosus (a636 in Isidore, rare; 12th cent. in British sources), Middle French querimonieux (second half of the 15th cent. in an apparently isolated use).

Prone to complaint; complaining, querulous.

(Online Etymology) querimonious (adj.) "complaining, apt to complain," c. 1600, from Latin querimonia "a complaint," from queri "to complain" (see querulous).

QUERULOUS (ADJ.)

(Skeat) querulous, fretful. (L.) In Phillips, ed.1706. Englished from Lat. querulus, full of complaints. —Lat. queri, to complain. The pt. t. questus sum points to an older form quesi. + Skt. çvas, to pant, to hiss, to sigh. √KWAS, to wheeze; whence also E. Wheeze, q.v. Evidently of imitative origin. Der. guerulous-ly, -ness. And see quarrel (1), querimonious, cry.

(Chambers) querulous adj. given to complaining, fault- finding. Probably about 1400 querelouse having the habit of going to law, litigious; also later querulose quarrelsome; borrowed from Old French querelos, and directly from Late Latin querulōsus, from Latin querulus full of complaints, complaining, from querī to complain: see quarrel; for suffix see -ous.

(John Ayto) querulous see quarrel

(Onions): querulous kwe·rǝlǝs complaining, peevish. xv/xvi. f. L. querulus or-late L. querulōsus, f. queri complain; partly superseding late ME. querelous- OF. querelous (mod. querelleux), f. querele quarrel²; see -ous.

(OED) querulous

forms:  late Middle English querulose, 1500s– querulous, 1600s quer'llous, 1600s querrulous; Scottish pre-1700 querrulous, 1700s– querulous.

origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin querulosus; Latin querulus, -ous suffix.

etymology: Either < post-classical Latin querulosus given to complaining (Vulgate; from 8th cent. (frequently from 12th cent.) in British sources; apparently alteration of querelosus (see quarrellous adj.) after classical Latin querulus full of complaints ( < querī to express discontent, complain, to make a formal complaint, of unknown origin + -ulus -ulus suffix)), or directly < classical Latin querulus + -ous suffix. Compare Italian querulo (1525). Compare earlier quarrellous adj. and foreign-language forms cited at that entry.

1. a. Of a person: complaining, given to complaining, full of complaints; fault-finding; peevish. Also as n.: querulous people as a class.
2. Of an animal or thing: uttering or producing sounds suggestive of complaint; plaintive.
3. Of the nature of or characterized by complaining; expressing complaint.

(Online Etymology) querulous (adj.) "habitually complaining; expressing complaint," c. 1400, querelous, from Old French querelos "quarrelsome, argumentative" and directly from Late Latin querulosus, from Latin querulus "full of complaints, complaining," from queri "to complain," from Proto-Italic *kwese-, of uncertain etymology, perhaps, via the notion of "to sigh," from a PIE root *kues- "to hiss" (source also of Sanskrit svasiti "to hiss, snort"), which is not very compelling, but no better etymology has been offered.

Querulous -கலைச்சொற்கள்                      

querulous                                             குறையிடுகின்ற       

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

querulous                                             சிடுசிடுப்பு வாய்ந்த. 

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

*kele- (2)

*kelə-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to shout." Perhaps imitative.

It forms all or part of: acclaim; acclamation; Aufklarung; calendar; chiaroscuro; claim; Claire; clairvoyance; clairvoyant; clamor; Clara; claret; clarify; clarinet; clarion; clarity; class; clear; cledonism; conciliate; conciliation; council; declaim; declare; disclaim; ecclesiastic; eclair; exclaim; glair; hale (v.); halyard; intercalate; haul; keelhaul; low (v.); nomenclature; paraclete; proclaim; reclaim; reconcile.

It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit usakala "cock," literally "dawn-calling;" Latin calare "to announce solemnly, call out," clamare "to cry out, shout, proclaim;" Middle Irish cailech "cock;" Greek kalein "to call," kelados "noise," kledon "report, fame;" Old High German halan "to call;" Old English hlowan "to low, make a noise like a cow;" Lithuanian kalba "language."

ACCLAIM

(Skeat) acclaim, to shout at. (L.) In Milton four times, but only as a sb.; P.L. ii. 520; iii. 397; x. 455; P.R. ii. 235. The word acclaiming is used by Bp. Hall, Contemplations, b. iv. c. 25. § 4 (R.) [The word is formed on a French model (cf. claim from O. F. claimer), but from the Latin.]— Lat. acclamare, to cry out at. ─ Lat. ac- (=ad); and clamare, to cry out, exclaim. See claim. Der. acclam-at-ion, from pp. of Lat. acclamare.

(Chambers) acclaim v. 1633, perhaps borrowed from Middle French acclamer, but more likely from Latin acclāmā́re shout approval or disapproval of (ac- toward, variant of ad- before c + clāmāre cry out; see low², v.). The spelling was initially influenced by claim.

(Onions) acclaim applaud. xvii. - L. acclāmāre, f. ad Ac-+clamāre, with sp. assim. to claim. So acclamation xvi. - L. (An earlier acleime, acclame was - medL. acclāmāre make a claim for.)

(American Heritage) ac·claim v. ac·claimed, ac·claim·ing, ac·claims. — v. tr. To praise enthusiastically and often publicly; applaud. See Synonyms at praise. — v. intr. To shout approval. — n. Enthusiastic applause; acclamation. [From Latin accla$ma$re: ad-, ad- + cla$ma$re, to shout; see kelә-2 in Appendix.]

(OED) acclaim

forms:  Middle English acleim, 1500s–1600s acclame, 1500s–1600s acclaime, 1600s acclayme, 1600s– acclaim. N.E.D. (1884) also records a form late Middle English acleyme.

origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin acclāmāre.

etymology: < classical Latin acclāmāre to shout, to raise an outcry (against), protest, to shout approval, applaud, in post-classical Latin also to claim (from 12th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources; compare branch I.; < ac- ac- prefix + clāmāre to shout: see claim v.), with remodelling after claim v. Compare proclaim v., disclaim v., declaim v., reclaim v., exclaim v. Compare Middle French, French acclamer to greet with cries of joy (1509 in apparently isolated use; subsequently from 18th cent.), to name (someone) by acclamation or general assent as (1855).

1. Senses relating to claiming.
2. 1. transitive. Scottish and English regional. To lay claim to, to claim. Obsolete.
3. Senses relating to applause and acclamation.
4. 2. †a. intransitive. To agree, consent; to affirm an overwhelming decision. Cf. reclaim v. 4. Obsolete.
5. b. transitive. To praise publicly and enthusiastically; to applaud, extol.
6. To name with acclamation to be; to proclaim or announce with applause or approval.

(a) transitive. With complement.

(b) transitive. With as.

1. d. intransitive. To shout applause; to praise or affirm by acclamation.
2. transitive. To shout in acclamation; to call out or utter approvingly. Also with direct speech as object (cf. acclamation n. 2a).
3. transitive. Canadian. To elect to an assembly or office without opposition. Also with as or complement. Cf. acclamation n. 4.

(Online Etymology) acclaim (v.) early 14c., "to lay claim to," from Latin acclamare "to cry out at" (in Medieval Latin "to claim"), from ad "to, toward" (see ad-) + clamare "cry out" (from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout"). The meaning "to applaud" is recorded by 1630s. The spelling has been conformed to claim. Related: Acclaimed; acclaiming; acclamatory.

acclaim -கலைச்சொற்கள்                           

acclaim                                                பாராட்டுப் பேரொலி          

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

Acclaim                                               ஆர்ப்பரி        

                                                                        -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி (2015)

acclaim                                                புகழ்   

                        -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

ACCLAMATION

(Chambers) acclamation n. 1541, perhaps borrowed from Middle French acclamation, but more likely from Latin acclāmātionem (nominative acclāmātiō) shout of approval, from acclāmāre acclaim; for suffix see -tion.

(American Heritage) ac·cla·ma·tion n. 1. A shout or salute of enthusiastic approval. 2. An oral vote, especially an enthusiastic vote of approval taken without formal ballot: a motion passed by acclamation. [Latin accla$ma$tio$, accla$ma$tio$n-, from accla$ma$tus, past participle of accla$ma$re, to shout at. See acclaim.]

(OED) acclamation

forms:  1500s acclamacyon, 1500s–1600s acclamacion, 1500s– acclamation.

origin: A borrowing from Latin. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin acclāmātiōn-, acclāmātiō; French acclamation.

etymology: < classical Latin acclāmātiōn-, acclāmātiō action of shouting, shout of disapproval, shout of approval, (in rhetoric) triumphant concluding expression, final flourish ( < acclāmāt-, past participial stem of acclāmāre acclaim v. + -iō -ion suffix1), perhaps partly via Middle French acclamation enthusiastic expression of praise, cry of joy (1504; French acclamation).

1. An act of acclaiming; an exclamation or other expression of sentiment addressed to someone in a loud voice.
2. a. In expression of approbation or praise: (esp. in later use) any enthusiastic expression of approval in verbal or other form.
3. b. In expression of dislike. Obsolete.
4. a. Rhetoric. A brief isolated sentence in a discourse, emphasizing what precedes it; = epiphonema n. 1. Now historical.
5. b. Christian Church. A specified word or phrase spoken or sung by the congregation as part of a liturgy.
6. The action of acclaiming.
7. The general and enthusiastic expression of approval or praise for someone; (esp. in earlier use) shouting in someone's honour.
8. Originally: the loud or enthusiastic expression of general assent or approval. Subsequently (chiefly North American): unanimous or overwhelming assent for a measure, appointment, etc., indicated without a ballot (see sense 4 and by acclamation at Phrases 1); election as a result of this.
9. Canadian. (An instance of) election to an assembly by unanimous or overwhelming assent, unopposed (see sense 3b).

(Online Etymology) acclamation (n.) 1540s, "act of shouting or applauding in approval," from Latin acclamationem (nominative acclamatio) "a calling, exclamation, shout of approval," noun of action from past-participle stem of acclamare "to call to, cry out at, shout approval or disapproval of," from assimilated form of ad "to, toward" (see ad-) + clamare "cry out" (from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout"). As a method of spontaneous approval of resolutions, etc., by unanimous voice vote, by 1801, probably from the French Revolution.

acclamation -கலைச்சொற்கள்                    

acclamation                                         பேதொலியோடு இசைவு தெரிவித்தல்      

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

 AUFKLARUNG 

(American Heritage) Auf·klä·rung n. The Enlightenment. [German: auf, up (from Middle High German u$f, from Old High German); see upo in Appendix + Klarung, a making clear (from klaren, to make clear, from Middle High German klæren, from kla$r, clear, from Latin cla$rus); see clear.]

(OED) aufklarung

etymology: German, ‘enlightenment’.

Enlightenment (sense 2), illuminism; the name given to a European intellectual movement in the 18th cent. laying claim to extraordinary intellectual illumination and enlightenment.

(Online Etymology) Aufklarung (n.) "the Enlightenment," 1801, from German Aufklärung (18c.), literally "enlightenment," from aufklären "to enlighten" (17c.), from auf "up" (from PIE root *upo "under," also "up from under") + klären "to clear," from Latin clarus (see clear (adj.)).

CALENDAR 

(Skeat) calendar, an almanac. (L.) In early use; spelt kalender in Layamon, i. 308. — Lat. calendarium, an account-book of interest kept by money-changers, so called because interest became due on the calends (or first day) of each month; in later times, a calendar.  —Lat. calendæ, sb. pl., a name given to the first day of each month. The origin of the name is obscure; but it is agreed that the verbal root is the old verb calare, to call, proclaim, of which a still older form must have been calére. It is cognate with Gk. καλεῖν, to call, Summon. ─√ΚΑΙ, to shout. See curtius, i. 171; Fick, iii. 529.

(Chambers) calendar n. Probably before 1200 kalender system of divisions of the year, in Layamon's Chronicle of Britain; about 1350, table showing the divisions; borrowed from Anglo-French calender, corresponding to Old French kalendier list, register, learned borrowing from Latin calendārium account book, from calendae calends.

Calends, kalends, meaning the first day of the month, gradually disappeared from use in English after the 1500's and has been retained only in reference to Latin use where its meaning "first day of the month" signified the day Romans proclaimed the order of the days that were to follow, derived from *calēre, variant of calāre call out, proclaim, cognate with Greek kaleîn to call; see low², v. make the sound of a cow.

(John Ayto) calendar [13] English acquired calendar via Anglo-Norman calender and Old French calendier from Latin calendārium, which was a ‘moneylender’s account book’. It got its name from the calends (Latin calendae), the first day of the Roman month, when debts fell due. Latin calendae in turn came from a base *kal- ‘call, proclaim’, the underlying notion being that in ancient Rome the order of days was publicly announced at the beginning of the month. The calendula [19], a plant of the daisy family, gets its name from Latin calendae, perhaps owing to its once having been used for curing menstrual disorders. Calender ‘press cloth or paper between rollers’ [15], however, has no connection with calendar; it probably comes from Greek kúlindros ‘roller’, source of English cylinder.

(Onions) calendar, kalendar kæ·lindәɹ system of divisions of the civil year xiii; table showing these xiv. ME. kalender- AN. calendar OF. calendier (mod. calendrier)- L. calendārium account-book, f. calendæ calends, the day on which accounts were due. The final -ar is due to assim. to L.

(American Heritage) cal·en·dar n. Abbr. cal. 1. Any of various systems of reckoning time in which the beginning, length, and divisions of a year are defined. 2. A table showing the months, weeks, and days in at least one specific year. 3. A schedule of events. 4. An ordered list of matters to be considered: a calendar of court cases; the bills on a legislative calendar. 5. Chiefly British. A catalogue of a university. — v. tr. cal·en·dared, cal·en·dar·ing, cal·en·dars. To enter in a calendar; schedule. [Middle English calender, from Old French calendier, from Late Latin kalenda$rium, from Latin, account book, from kalendae, calends (from the fact that monthly interest was due on the calends). See kelә-2 in Appendix.]

(OED) calendar

forms: Middle English–1800s kalender, Middle English kalunder, calundere, kalendeere, kalendre, kalendare, Middle English kalendere, Middle English–1700s calender, Middle English calendere, Middle English, 1700s kalander, 1600s callander, callendar, 1500s– kalendar, 1600s– calendar.

origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French calender.

etymology: < Anglo-Norman calender, = Old French calendier list, register < Latin calendārium account-book, < calendae, kalendae calends, the day on which accounts were due; see calends n.

1. The system according to which the beginning and length of successive civil years, and the subdivision of the year into its parts, is fixed; as the Babylonian, Jewish, Roman, or Arabic calendar.
2. a. A table showing the division of a given year into its months and days, and referring the days of each month to the days of the week; often also including important astronomical data, and indicating ecclesiastical or other festivals, and other events belonging to individual days. Sometimes containing only facts and dates belonging to a particular profession or pursuit, as Gardener's Calendar, Racing Calendar, etc. Also a series of tables, giving these facts more fully; an almanac.
3. A contrivance for reckoning days, months, etc.
4. figurative. A guide, directory: an example, model.
5. a. A list or register of any kind. (In the general sense, now only figurative)
6. esp. A list of canonized saints, or the like. (Now usually treated as a form of sense 2, the days dedicated to the memory of the saints being usually registered in the ‘calendar’ or almanac.)
7. A list of prisoners for trial at the assizes.
8. spec. A list or register of documents arranged chronologically with a short summary of the contents of each, so as to serve as an index to the documents of a given period.
9. a. figurative. A record. Obsolete.
10. An outward sign, index. Obsolete.
11. One who has charge of records or historical documents. Occurring in the name of an ancient guild in Bristol. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) calendar (n.) c. 1200, calender, "the year as divided systematically into days and months;" mid-14c. as "table showing divisions of the year;" from Old French calendier "list, register," from Latin calendarium "account book," from calendae/kalendae "the calends" the first day of the Roman month, when debts fell due and accounts were reckoned.

This is from calare "to announce solemnly, call out," as the priests did in proclaiming the new moon that marked the calends, from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout." In Rome, new moons were not calculated mathematically but rather observed by the priests from the Capitol; when they saw it, they would "declare" the number of days till the nones (five or seven, depending on the month). The word was taken by the early Church for its register list of saints and their feast days. The meaning "list of documents arranged chronologically" is from late 15c.

calendar -கலைச்சொற்கள்                         

calendar                                             நாட்காட்டி    

calendar                                             குற்றவழக்குப்பட்டிகை       

calendar month                                 பட்டிகை மாதம்        

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

station-calendar                                வண்டி கால வரிசைப்பட்டி

calendar                                             ஆண்டு விவரக் குறிப்பு       

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

weather calendar                             வானிலை அட்டவணை     

seasonality calendar                       பருவகால அட்டவணை     

floral calendar                                   மலர் அட்டவணை   

calendar of operation                      இயக்க நிரல் 

calendar of work                               செயலாக்க நிரல்      

crop calendar                                    பயிர்கால அட்டவணை      

                        -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

CHIAROSCURO 

(Onions) chiaroscuro †painting in light and shade; disposition of light and shade. xvii. It., f. chiaro clear+oscuro dark, obscure.

(American Heritage) chi·a·ro·scu·ro n. pl. chi·a·ro·scu·ros. 1. The technique of using light and shade in pictorial representation. 2. The arrangement of light and dark elements in a pictorial work of art. Also called claireobscure [Italian: chiaro, bright, light (from Latin cla$rus, clear); see kelә-2 in Appendix + oscuro, dark (from Latin obsca$rus); see (s)keu- in Appendix.]

(OED) chiaroscuro

forms:  Also 1600s–1800s chiar-oscuro, 1700s–1800s chiaro-oscuro. (Incorrectly 1600s–1800s chiaro-scuro, chiaro scuro.)

etymology: Italian; < chiaro ( < Latin clārus) clear, bright + oscuro ( < Latin obscūrus) dark; thence French clair-obscur.

1. a. The style of pictorial art in which only the light and shade, and not the various colours, are represented; black-and-white, or dark brown and white. ? Obsolete.
2. A sketch in black and white; also figurative.
3. a. The treatment or disposition of the light and shade, or brighter and darker masses, in a picture.
4. transferred. The effect of light and shade in nature, e.g. in a landscape.
5. figurative. Used of poetic or literary treatment, criticism, mental complexion, etc., in various obvious senses, as mingled ‘clearness and obscurity’, ‘cheerfulness and gloom’, ‘praise and blame,’ etc.
6. A method of producing wood-engravings.
7. attributive.
8. a. literal.
9. figurative. Partly revealed and partly veiled.

(Online Etymology) chiaroscuro (n.) 1680s, "disposition of light and dark in a picture," literally "bright-dark," from Italian chiaro "clear, bright" (from Latin clarus; see clear (adj.)) + oscuro (from Latin obscurus; see obscure (adj.)). Related: Chiaroscurist.

CLAIM 

(Skeat) claim, to call out for, demand. (F., —L.) M.E. clamen, claimen, cleimen, to call for; Will. of Palerne, 4481; P. Plowman, B. xviii. 327.—O. F. clamer, claimer, cleimer, to call for, cry out. — Lat. clamare, to call out; a secondary verb, formed from the base cal- appearing in Lat. calare, to cry out, publish, and in the Gk. καλεῖν, to convoke, summon. Similarly, in Greek, the vowel disappears in κλῆσις, a call, κλητεύω, I summon. —√KAL, to make a noise, cry out (Fick, i. 529); which is weakened from √KAR, with the same sense; cf. Gk. κῆρυξ, a herald; Skt. kal, to sound. Der. claim-able, claim-ant; and, from the same source, clam-our, clam-or-ous, &c.; see clamour.

(Chambers) claim n. assertion to a right. Before 1325, in Cursor Mundi, borrowed from Old French claime, from clamer to call, appeal, claim, from Latin clāmāre cry out, call, proclaim; see low², v. -v. Probably about 1300 cleimen lay claim to; later claymen (before 1338); borrowed from Old French claim-, accented stem of clamer, from Latin clāmāre proclaim. -claimant n. 1747, formed from English claim + -ant.

(John Ayto) claim [13] The etymological notion behind claim is of ‘calling out’. It comes from claim-, the present stem of Old French clamer, which goes back to Latin clāmāre ‘cry out, shout’ (whose derived noun clāmor is the source of English clamour [14]). Relatives of clāmāre include clārus (source of English clear) and possibly callāre ‘call out’ (whence English council); and it formed the basis of the English verbs acclaim, exclaim, and proclaim (their spelling was altered through association with claim). These words’ ultimate source was the onomatopoeic Indo- European base *klā-, which also produced low ‘make the noise characteristic of cattle’. ® acclaim, clamour, clear, council, exclaim, low, proclaim

(Onions) Claim kleim demand or assert as one's own. xiii (Cursor M.). - OF. claim-, tonic stem of clamer cry, call, appeal= Pr. clamar, Sp. ilamar, Pg. chamar, It. chiamare, Rum. chemà :- L. clāmādre cry, call, proclaim, call upon, rel. to clärus clear. So claim sb. xiii. - OF. claime, f. clamer. Hence clai·mant. xviii; primarily a legal term, after appellant, defendant.

(American Heritage) claim v. tr. claimed, claim·ing, claims. 1. To demand or ask for as one’s own or one’s due; assert one’s right to: claim a reward. 2. To take in a violent manner as if by right: a hurricane that claimed two lives. 3. To state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain: claimed he had won the race; a candidate claiming many supporters. 4. To deserve or call for; require: problems that claim her attention. — n. 1. A demand for something as rightful or due. 2. A basis for demanding something; a title or right. 3. Something claimed in a formal or legal manner, especially a tract of public land staked out by a miner or homesteader. 4. a. A demand for payment in accordance with an insurance policy or other formal arrangement. b. The sum of money demanded. 5. A statement of something as a fact; an assertion of truth: makes no claim to be a cure. —idiom. lay claim to. To assert one’s right to or ownership of. [Middle English claimen, from Old French clamer, claim-, from Latin cla$ma$re, to call. See kelә-² in Appendix.]

(OED) claim

forms:  Middle English cleime, clem, Middle English–1500s cleym(e, (chiefly Scottish and northern) cleme, Middle English–1600s clayme, claime, clame, 1500s cleame, Middle English– claim.

etymology: < Old French claime- accented stem of clame-r (claime-r) to cry, call, appeal, claim < Latin clāmāre to cry out, call, proclaim, declare aloud, call upon.

1. a. transitive. To demand as one's own or one's due; to seek or ask for on the ground of right.
2. with infinitive phr. or subordinate clause.
3. To make a claim for (indemnity), esp. upon an insurance company. Also absol.
4. a. To assert and demand recognition of (an alleged right, title, possession, attribute, acquirement, or the like); to assert as one's own, to affirm one's possession of.
5. with infinitive phr., obj. compl., or subordinate clause.
6. ‘Often loosely used (esp. in U.S.) for: Contend, maintain, assert’. (F. Hall.)
7. Of things: To call for, demand, or require; to be entitled to, deserve, have a right to.
8. To call for, cry for, beg loudly. Obsolete. rare.
9. To call, name, proclaim (with complement); passing in later use into the sense ‘assert a claim to be (someone or something)’. Obsolete.
10. to claim quit, also to quit claim (a person or thing): to proclaim quit or released; to let go, dismiss, renounce, let off, release, absolve. Obsolete. See quitclaim v.
11. intransitive. To cry out, call (for, etc.). Obsolete.
12. a. intransitive. To put forward a claim, assert a right. †to claim of (quot. 1303), to: to claim, assert a right to. †to claim for (quot. c1400): to claim to be, assert one's right as being. (In later times apparently an absolute use of 1 or 2.)
13. To occupy land in virtue of a claim.
14. transitive. = reclaim v. Obsolete. rare.

(Online Etymology) claim (v.) c. 1300, "to call, call out; to ask or demand by virtue of right or authority," from accented stem of Old French clamer "to call, name, describe; claim; complain; declare," from Latin clamare "to cry out, shout, proclaim," from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout." Related: Claimed; claiming.

claim -கலைச்சொற்கள்                               

exclaim                                              கூவிளி          

damage claim                                   இழப்பீடுகோருரிமை          

disputable claim                               ஐயுறவுக்கோரிக்கை

claim                                                   கேட்புரிமை  

claimant                                             உரிமைகோருநர்      

claim for compensation                   இழப்பீடுகோருதல்  

claim for damages                           சிதைவூறுக்கீடு கோரல்       

claim for losses                                இழப்பிடர்க்கீடு       

claim for refund                                 திருப்பித்தரக்கோரல்

counter claim                                    எதிர்-கோருரிமை     

cross claim                                        குறுக்குக் கோரிக்கை          

belated claim                                    காலங்கடந்த கோருரிமை   

actionable claim                               வழக்கு தொடர்தகு உரிமை

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

non-claim                                           சட்டப்படி தகுந்த காலத்தில் எழுப்பத்தவறிய உரிமை வாதம்   

claim                                                   உரிமைக் கோரிக்கை, கோரிப்பெறும் தகுதி        

claim-jumper                                     சுரங்கமறுக்க மற்றொருவருக்குள்ள உரிமையைத் தமதாக்கிக் கொள்பவர்   

counter-claim                                    எதிர் உரிமைக் கோரிக்கை

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

Claim                                                  உரிமை கோரு         

                                                                        -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி (2015)

false claim                                         தவறான உரிமை கோரிக்கை        

fraudulent claim                                ஏமாற்று உரிமை கோரிக்கை         

claim                                                   உரிமை கோரிக்கை

counter claim                                    எதிர் கேட்புரிமை    

admission of claim                           உரிமைக் கோரிக்கை ஏற்பு

arrear claim                                       நிலுவைக் கோரிக்கை         

claim                                                   கோருதல், கோரிக்கை        

                                                                        -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

CLAIRE 

(OED) claire

etymology: French.

A pond or basin (usually artificial) of sea water for the cultivation of oysters.

(Online Etymology) Claire  fem. proper name, from French claire, fem. of clair literally "light, bright," from Latin clarus "clear, bright, distinct" (see clear (adj.); also compare Clara).

CLAIRVOYANCE 

(Onions) clairvoyance mental perception, esp. of things concealed from sight. xix (Mrs. Carlyle, Emerson). - F., f. clairvoyant (in Eng. also xix), f. clair clear+ voyant, prp. of voir see (see vision). In F. used of visual and mental clearsightedness.

(American Heritage) clair·voy·ance n. 1. The supposed power to see objects or events that cannot be perceived by the senses. 2. Acute intuitive insight or perceptiveness.

(OED) clairvoyance

etymology: French; where used in 16th cent. in sense 2; but in English introduced in sense 1; sense 2, when used, is partly directly < French, partly transf. < 1.

1. 1. A supposed faculty attributed to certain persons, or to persons under certain mesmeric conditions, consisting in the mental perception of objects at a distance or concealed from sight.
2. Keenness of mental perception, clearness of insight; insight into things beyond the range of ordinary perception.

(Online Etymology) clairvoyance (n.) "paranormal gift of seeing things out of sight," 1837, from special use of French clairvoyance (16c., from Old French clerveans, 13c.) "quickness of understanding, sagacity, penetration," from clairvoyant "clear-sighted, discerning, judicious" (13c.), from clair (see clear (adj.)) + voyant "seeing," present participle of voir, from Latin videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"). A secondary sense in French is the main sense in English.

clairvoyance -கலைச்சொற்கள்                   

clairvoyance                                        தொலைவிலுணர்தல்           

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

clairvoyance                                        புலனாகாதவற்றைக் காணும் ஆற்றல்       

                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

CLAIRVOYANT

(Chambers) Clairvoyant adj. able to see things that are out of sight. 1850; earlier, having insight (1671); borrowing of French clairvoyant, clear-sighted, literally, clear-seeing (clair clear, from Latin clārus clear + voyant, present participle of voir to see, from Latin vidēre; see wit² know). -n. clairvoyant person. 1851; earlier, a clear-sighted person (1794); borrowing of French clairvoyant, n., from French clairvoyant, adj. -clairvoyance n. 1847, borrowing of French clairvoyance, from clairvoyant, adj.

(American Heritage) clair·voy·ant adj. 1. Of or relating to clairvoyance. 2. Having the supposed power to see objects or events that cannot be perceived by the senses. — n. A person, such as a medium, possessing the supposed power of clairvoyance. [French: clair, clear (from Latin cla$rus); see kelә-2 in Appendix + voyant, present participle of voir, to see (from Latin vide$re); see weid- in Appendix.]

(OED) clairvoyant

etymology: < French clairvoyant, clear-sighted, optically or mentally.

1. adj.
2. [French] Clear-sighted, having insight.
3. a. Having or exercising the faculty of clairvoyance; pertaining to clairvoyance.
4. figurative (cf. sense A. 1, and clairvoyance n. 2).
5. n.
6. [French] A clear-sighted person. Obsolete.
7. One who possesses, or is alleged to possess, the faculty of clairvoyance. (Often treated as French /klɛrvwajɑ̃/ with feminine clairvoyante /-ɑ̃t/.)

(Online Etymology) clairvoyant (adj.) "having psychic gifts, characterized by powers of clairvoyance," 1837, earlier "having insight" (1670s), from special use of French clairvoyant "clear-sighted, discerning, judicious" (13c.), from clair (see clear (adj.)) + voyant "seeing," present participle of voir, from Latin videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"). Related: Clairvoyantly.

clairvoyant (n.) 1834 in the psychic sense, "person supposed to possess powers of clairvoyance;" see clairvoyant (adj.). Earlier it was used in the sense "clear-sighted person" (1794). Fem. form is Clairvoyante.

Clairvoyant -கலைச்சொற்கள்                    

clairvoyant                                         தொலைவிலுணரி    

clairvoyant                                         புலனாகாவற்றைக் காணும் திறனுடைய 

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

CLAMOR 

(Chambers) clamor n. uproar. About 1385 clamour, in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, borrowed from Old French clamour, from Latin clāmor a shout, from clāmāre cry out; see low² (of cattle); for suffix see -or¹. -v. About 1385, from the noun. -clamorous adj. 1402, borrowed, prob- ably by influence of Middle French clamoreux, from Medieval Latin clamorosus, from Latin clāmor; for suf- fix see -ous.

(American Heritage) clam·or n. 1. A loud outcry; a hubbub. 2. A vehement expression of discontent or protest: a clamor in the press for pollution control. 3. A loud, sustained noise. See Synonyms at noise. — v. clam·ored, clam·or·ing, clam·ors. — v. intr. 1. To make a loud, sustained noise or outcry. 2. To make insistent demands or complaints: clamored for tax reforms. — v. tr. 1. To exclaim insistently and noisily: The representatives clamored their disapproval. 2. To influence or force by clamoring: clamored the mayor into resigning. [Middle English clamour, from Old French, from Latin clāmor, shout, from clāmāre, to cryout. See kelә-² in Appendix.]

(OED) clamor

forms:  Middle English clamur, clamure, clamoure, 1500s clamore (1600s claymour), Middle English– clamour, clamor.

etymology: < Old French clamor, clamur, 12–13th cent. clamour (= Spanish clamor, Provençal clamor, Italian clamore) < Latin clāmōr-em a call, shout, cry, < root of clāmāre to cry out, shout

1. a. Loud shouting or outcry, vociferation; esp. the excited outcry of vehement appeal, complaint, or opposition: commonly, but not always, implying a mingling of voices.
2. with a, and plural. A shout, a cry; an outburst of noisy utterance.
3. figurative. General vehement expression of feeling, especially of discontent or disapprobation (often including noisy manifestation); popular outcry.
4. Loud vocal noise of beasts and birds.
5. Loud noise of musical instruments; and, more generally, of a storm, waterfall, etc.

(Online Etymology) clamor (n.) late 14c., "a great outcry," also figurative, "loud or urgent demand," from Old French clamor "call, cry, appeal, outcry" (12c., Modern French clameur), from Latin clamor "a shout, a loud call" (either friendly or hostile), from clamare "to cry out" (from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout").

CLARA 

(Online Etymology) Clara  fem. personal name, from Latin Clara, fem. of clarus "bright, shining, clear" (see clear (adj.) and compare claire). Derivatives include Clarisse, Clarice, Clarabel, Claribel. The native form Clare was common in medieval England, perhaps owing to the popularity of St. Clare of Assisi.

CLARET 

(Skeat) claret, a sort of French wine. (F., —L.) Properly a ‘clear’ or ‘clarified’ wine, but used rather vaguely. M.E. claret, often Shortened to claré, and corrupted to clarry. ‘Claret, wyne, claretum;” Prompt. Parv. p. 79. Spelt clarett, Allit. Morte Arthur, ed. Broek, 1. 200; claré, Havelok, 1.1728; clarré, Chaucer, C. T. 1472. —O.F. clairet, claret; see Cotgrave. —Low Lat. claretum, a sweet mixed wine, clarified with honey, &c.— Lat. clarus, clear, clarified, bright. See clear.

(Chambers) claret n. red wine of Bordeaux. About 1440, in Promptorium Parvulorum, light-colored yellow or reddish wine (as opposed to red or white wine); earlier, wine sweetened and spiced (before 1398), borrowed from Middle French claret in the phrase vin claret light-colored wine (vin wine, and claret light-colored, in Old French also a noun meaning "wine mixed with honey and spices," diminutive of Old French cler clear). About 1600, the word was used in English for any of the red wines and only later (gradually after 1700) for red wine of Bordeaux.

(John Ayto) claret [14] Claret was originally a ‘lightcoloured wine’ – pale red (virtually what we would now call rosé), but also apparently yellowish. The word comes ultimately from Latin clārus ‘clear’; from this was derived the verb clārāre, whose past participle was used in the phrase vīnum clārātum ‘clarified wine’. This passed into Old French as vin claret. Modern French clairet preserves the word’s early sense ‘pale wine, rosé’, but in English by the later 17^th century seems to have been transferred to red wine, and since in those days the vast majority of red wine imported into Britain came from Southwest France, and Bordeaux in particular, it was not long before claret came to mean specifically ‘red Bordeaux’. ® clear

(Onions) claret †epithet of light red wines, (later) red wine gen., (now) red wine of Bordeaux. xiv. orig. qualifying wine, after OF. Vin claret (mod. clairet), which superseded OF. claré (whence Eng. †clary mixture of wine, honey, etc. xiii):- medL. clārātum (sc. vīnum) 'clarified wine', n. pp. of clārāre, f. L. clārus clear.

(American Heritage) clar·et n. 1. a. A dry red wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France. b. A similar wine made elsewhere. 2. Color. A dark or grayish purplish red to dark purplish pink. [Middle English, light-colored wine, from Old French (vin) claret, diminutive of clair, clear: from Latin cla$rus; see clear.]

(OED) claret

forms:  Middle English– claret, Middle English clarett, clarrytte, clarete, (cleret, clerote), 1500s clarette, claretted, Scottish clarat, 1500s–1600s claret

etymology: < Old French claret, in vin claret (modern French clairet), < claret, clairet, diminutive of clair ‘clear, light, bright’; compare Italian chiaretto diminutive of chiaro, Latin clārus ‘clear’. The Old French claré clary n.1, and this claret have fallen together in modern French under the form clairet (see Littré).

A name originally given (like French vin clairet) to wines of yellowish or light red colour, as distinguished alike from ‘red wine’ and ‘white wine’; the contrast with the former ceased about 1600, and it was apparently then used for red wines generally, in which sense it is still, or was recently, dialect (cf. also 3). Now applied to the red wines imported from Bordeaux, generally mixed with Benicarlo or some full-bodied French wine.

1. a. as adj., qualifying wine. Thus used, it was apparently at first significant of colour, as in French.
2. absol. (The earlier quots. are uncertain.)
3. Pugilistic slang. Blood.
4. a. The colour of ‘claret’; in modern acceptation, a reddish-violet.
5. attributive or as adj. Claret-coloured. Cf. 1a.
6. Angling. Species of artificial salmon-fly, so named from its general colour when made up.

(Online Etymology) claret (n.) mid-15c., "light-colored wine," from Old French (vin) claret "clear (wine), light-colored red wine" (also "sweetened wine," a sense in English from late 14c.), from Latin clarus "clear" (see clear (adj.)). Narrowed English meaning "red wine of Bordeaux" (excluding burgundy) first attested 1700. Used in pugilistic slang for "blood" from c. 1600.

Claret -கலைச்சொற்கள்                             

Gladstone claret                               மலிவான பிரஞ்சுக் குடிவகை        

claret                                                  திண் சிவப்பு இன்தேறல் அருந்து  

claret-cup                                           பனிக்கட்டி-சாராயம்-சர்க்கரை      

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

CLARIFY 

(Skeat) clarify, to make clear and bright. (F., ─ L.) M.E. clarifien, sometimes ‘to glorify,’ as in Wyclif, John, xii. 28, where the Vulgate has clarifica. —O.F. clarifier, to make bright. —Lat. clarificare, to make clear or bright, to render famous, glorify.—Lat. clari-, for  clarus, clear, bright, glorious; and ficare, to make, put for facere, to make, in forming compounds. See clear and fact. Der. clarifi-er, clarific-at-ion.  See below.

(Chambers) clarify v. make clear. Before 1325 clarifien make illustrious, make known, borrowed from Old French clarifier, learned borrowing from Late Latin clārificāre make clear, from clārificus brilliant (Latin clārus clear+ the root of facere make, do¹ perform); for suffix see -fy. -clarification n. 1612, borrowed from French clarification, from Late Latin clārificātiōnem (nominative clārificātiō) from clārificāre to clarify; for suffix see -tion.

(Onions) clarify †illumine, make illustrious xiv; make clear xv. – (O) F. clarifier –late L. clārificāre, f. clārus clear; see –fy.

(American Heritage) clar·i·fy v. clar·i·fied, clar·i·fy·ing, clar·i·fies. — v. tr. 1. To make clear or easier to understand; elucidate: clarified her intentions. 2. To clear of confusion or uncertainty: clarify the mind. 3. To make clear by removing impurities or solid matter, as by heating gently: clarify butter. — v. intr. To become clear. [Middle English clarifien, from Old French clarifier, from Late Latin clārificāre: Latin clārus, clear; see clear + Latin –ficāre, -fy.]

(OED) clarify

forms:  Also: Middle English clare-, Middle English clery-, Middle English–1500s clary-

etymology: < Old French clarifier (12th cent.), clarefier, clerefier (the last two partially popularized), < late Latin clārificāre to make clear, < clārus clear + -ficāre: see -fy suffix.

To make clear, to clear.

1. a. transitive. To free from darkness or gloom; to light up, illumine; to brighten. Obsolete.
2. figurative. To make clear (an obscure subject).
3. figurative. To make illustrious or glorious; to exalt, glorify. [Chiefly representing clārificāre of the Vulgate.]
4. a. To make pure and clear, or clean (physically, also morally); to free from all impurities; to clear.
5. spec. To make clear and pure (a liquid or liquefied substance); to render pellucid; to free from all impurities or extraneous matters held in suspension; to purify or refine. Also figurative.
6. To clear (the air or atmosphere); to free from mists and vapours. Also figurative and transferred.
7. figurative. To clear (the mind, etc.) from ignorance, misconception, or error; to rectify.
8. To make clear (the sight, eyes, or mental vision); to clear (the voice, etc.).
9. 5. To set forth clearly, declare. Obsolete.
10. intransitive (for reflexive). To be made or become clear; to clear, in various senses.

(Online Etymology) clarify (v.) early 14c., "make illustrious, glorify, make known" (a sense now obsolete), from Old French clarifiier "clarify, make clear, explain" (12c.), from Late Latin clarificare "to glorify," literally "to make clear," from Latin clarificus "brilliant," from clarus "clear, distinct" (see clear (adj.)) + combining form of facere "to make, to do" (from PIE root *dhe- "to set, put").

clarify -கலைச்சொற்கள்                             

clarificant                                           அழுக்ககற்றி 

clarification                                        தெளிவாக்கல்           

clarifier                                               வண்டனீக்கி 

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

clarify                                                  தெளிவுறும்படி செய்

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

Clarify                                                 விளக்கு         

                                                                        -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி (2015)

CLARINET 

(Chambers) clarinet n. 1796, borrowed from French clarinette, diminutive of clarine bell; earlier, clarion, from Old French noun clarine, from the feminine of the adjective clarin, from clair, cler, clear; for suffix see -et. -clarinetist, clarinettist n. 1864, borrowed from French clarinettiste.

(American Heritage) clar·i·net n. Music. A woodwind instrument having a straight, cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys. [French clarinette, feminine diminutive of Old French clarin, clarion, clarion; see clarion, or of Provencal clarin, oboe (from Old Provencal clar, clear, from Latin cla$rus); see clear.]

(OED) clarinet

etymology: < French clarinette, diminutive of clarine.

1. A wooden single-reed instrument with a compass of about three octaves and a half, having a cylindrical tube with bell-shaped orifice, and played by means of holes and keys. bass clarinet n. a similar instrument sounding an octave lower.
2. An organ stop of a quality of tone like that of this instrument; = cremona n.2

(Online Etymology) clarinet (n.) "single-reeded tubular woodwind instrument with a bell mouth," 1768, from French clarinette (18c.), diminutive of clarine "little bell" (16c.), noun use of fem. of adjective clarin (which also was used as a noun, "trumpet, clarion"), from clair, cler, from Latin clarus (see clear (adj.)). Alternative form clarionet is attested from 1784.

CLARION 

(Skeat) clarion, a clear-sounding horn. (F., —L.) M.E. clarioun, claryoun; Chaucer, Ho. of Fame, iii. 150.—O.F. clarion, claron; Roquefort gives the form claron, and the O.F. clarion must have been in use, though not recorded; the mod. F. is clairon. — Low Lat. clarionem, acc. of clario, a clarion; so named from its clear ringing sound. ─Lat, clari-=claro-, crude form of clarus, clear. See clear. Der. clarion-et, clarin-ette, dimin. forms. See above.

(Chambers) clarion n. kind of trumpet with clear tones. Before 1338 clarioun, in Mannyng's Chronicle of England, borrowed through Old French clarion, or directly from Medieval Latin clarionem (nominative clario) trumpet, from Latin clārus clear, for suffix see -et. -clarion call (1838)

(John Ayto) See Clear

(Onions) clarion kind of trumpet. xiv. - medL. clāriō(n-), f. L. clārus clear; cf. OF. claron (mod. clairon). Hence clarione·t. xviii; partly alteration of clarinet -F. clarinette, f. clarine, sb. use of fern. Of †clarin, f. clair clear.:

(American Heritage) clar·i·on adj. Loud and clear: a clarion call to resistance. — n. Music. 1. A medieval trumpet with a shrill, clear tone. 2. The sound of this instrument or a sound resembling it. [Middle English clarioun, a clarion, from Old French clarion, from Medieval Latin cla$rio$, cla$rio$n-, from Latin cla$rus, clear. See clear.]

(OED) Clarion

forms:  Middle English claryoun (e, claryounn(e, clarioune, Middle English clarioun, Middle English clarionne, claryowne, Middle English–1500s claryon, Middle English– clarion, 1600s cleron.

etymology: < Old French claron, cleron, clairon; in medieval Latin clāriōn-em, clārōn-em, < clārus clear. Italian has in same sense clarino, chiarina: compare clarine n.

1. A shrill-sounding trumpet with a narrow tube, formerly much used as a signal in war. (Now chiefly poetical, or in historical narrative.)
2. 2. Heraldry. A bearing shaped somewhat like a clarion.
3. poetic. The sound of a trumpet; any similar rousing sound, as the crowing of a cock.
4. A four-feet organ stop of quality of tone similar to that of the clarion.

(Online Etymology) clarion (n.) "small, high-pitched trumpet," early 14c., from Old French clarion "(high-pitched) trumpet, bugle" and directly from Medieval Latin clarionem (nominative clario) "a trumpet," from Latin clarus "clear" (see clear (adj.)). Clarion call in the figurative sense "call to battle" is attested from 1838 (clarion's call is from 1807).

clarion -கலைச்சொற்கள்                            

clarion                                                 சில்லிட்டிசைக்கும் எக்காளம்         

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

CLARITY 

(Chambers) clarity n. clearness. About 1425 clarite brightness, splendor, glory; earlier clerte, clarte (probably about 1300); borrowed from Old French clarté, from Latin clāritātem (nominative clāritās) clearness, brightness, splendor, from clārus clear; for suffix see -ity. The later Middle English form clarite was influenced by or a reborrowing from Latin clāritās.

(John Ayto) See Clear

(Onions) clarity †lustre, splendour xvi; clearness xvii. - L. clāritās, f. clārus clear; see -ity. (Superseded †clar(e)te, clerte xiv -OF. clarté, †clerté.)

(American Heritage) clar·i·ty n. 1. Clearness of appearance: the clarity of the mountain air. 2. Clearness of thought or style; lucidity: writes with clarity and perception. [Middle English clarite, brightness, from Latin cla$rita$s, clearness, from cla$rus, clear. See clear.]

(OED) clarity

forms:  Middle English clarte, clarete, clarite, Middle English claretee, 1500s–1600s claritie, 1500s– clarity.

etymology: Originally Middle English clarté, < Old French clarté < Latin clāritāt-em clearness, < clārus clear. This early form has been changed in two directions: first by assimilation to clere, cleer, clear adj., adv., and n., it became clerté, cleerte, clerete n. (compare surety), which became obsolete in 16th cent.; secondly under influence of the Latin original, it became clarité, claritie, clarity (compare purity, security, etc.); this became almost obsolete by 1700, but has been revived by many modern writers, and is now frequent in sense 4.

1. a. Brightness, lustre, brilliancy, splendour. Obsolete. (An exceedingly common sense in 17th cent.)
2. with plural. Obsolete.
3. figurative. ‘Light’. Obsolete.
4. Glory, divine lustre. Obsolete.
5. Illustrious quality; lustre of renown. Obsolete.
6. Clearness: in various current uses; e.g. of colour, sky, atmosphere, sight, intellect, judgement, conscience, style.

(Online Etymology) clarity (n.) c. 1300, clarte, clerte "brightness, radiance; glory, splendor," from Old French  lerte, clartet (Modern French clarté) "clarity, brightness," from Latin claritas "brightness, splendor," also, of sounds, "clearness;" figuratively "celebrity, renown, fame," from clarare "make clear," from clarus "clear" (see clear (adj.)).

clarity -கலைச்சொற்கள்                             

clarity                                                  துலக்கம்        

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

clarity                                                  தெளிவு          

                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

CLEAR 

(Skeat) clear, loud, distinct, shrill, pure. (F., —L.) M.E. cler, cleer. ‘On morwe, whan the day was clere;’ King Alisaunder, ed. Weber, 1. 1978; cf. Floriz and Blauncheflur, 280. —O.F. cler, cleir, clair, pure, bright. - Lat. clarus, bright, illustrious, clear, loud. β, Curtius remarks that the r belongs to the suffix, as in mi-rus, so that the word is cla-rus. It is probably related to clamare, to cry aloud; see claim. Others connect it with cal-ēre, to glow, the orig. sense being ‘bright.’ Der. clear, verb; clear-ness, clear-ance, clear-ing, clear-ly.

(Chambers) clear adj. About 1280 cler bright, borrowed from Old French cler, from Latin clārus clear, bright, distinct, illustrious, related to clāmāre cry out, call, proclaim; see low², v. -adv. About 1303, in Mannyng's Handlyng Synne, from the adjective. -v. About 1380 cleren to enlighten, in Chaucer's translation of Boethius' De Consolatione Philosophiae, from the adjective. -n. 1237, the phrase in the clear is first recorded in 1715, as a figurative sense (1928).  -clearance n. Before 1563, formed from English clear, v. +-ance. -clear-cut adj. (1885) -clear-eyed adj. (1530) -clear-headed adj. (1709) -clearing n. a piece of open land (1678, American English).

(John Ayto) clear [13] Clear comes via Old French cler from Latin clārus (source also of English claret and clarion [14]). It has been suggested that clārus is related to calāre ‘call out’ (whence English council). Latin derivatives that have come down to English are clārificāre, from which English gets clarify [14], and clāritās, whence English clarity [16]. The Middle English spelling of the adjective is preserved in clerestory ‘upper storey of a church’ [15] (so named from its being ‘bright’ or ‘lighted’ with numerous windows). ® claim, claret, clarion, clarity, clerestory, declare, low

(Onions) clear free from obscurity, murk, or impurity. xiii. ME. clēr- OF. cler (mod. clair) = Pr. clar, Sp. claro, It. chiaro:- L. clāru-s bright, clear, manifest, illustrious, famous, poss. rel.  to calāre call (cf. intercalate, council). Hence clear vb. xiv (R. Rolle, Ch., Wyclif). clea·rance. xvi.

(American Heritage) clear adj. clear·er, clear·est. 1. Free from clouds, mist, or haze: a clear day. 2. Free from what dims, obscures, or darkens; unclouded: clear water; bright, clear colors. 3. Free from flaw, blemish, or impurity: a clear, perfect diamond; a clear record with the police. 4. Free from impediment, obstruction, or hindrance; open: a clear view; a clear path to victory. 5. Plain or evident to the mind; unmistakable: a clear case of cheating. 6. Easily perceptible to the eye or ear; distinct. 7. Discerning or perceiving easily; keen: a clear mind. 8. Free from doubt or confusion; certain. 9. Free from qualification or limitation; absolute: a clear winner. 10. Free from guilt; untroubled: a clear conscience. 11. Having been freed from contact, proximity, or connection: At last we were clear of the danger. The ship was clear of the reef. 12. Free from charges or deductions; net: a clear profit. 13. Containing nothing. — adv. 1. Distinctly; clearly: spoke loud and clear. 2. Out of the way; completely away: stood clear of the doors. 3. Informal. All the way; completely: slept clear through the night; read the book clear to the end. — v. cleared, clear·ing, clears. — v. tr. 1. To make light, clear, or bright. 2. To rid of impurities, blemishes, muddiness, or foreign matter. 3. To free from confusion, doubt, or ambiguity; make plain or intelligible: cleared up the question of responsibility. 4. a. To rid of objects or obstructions: clear the table; clear the road of debris. b. To make (a way or clearing) by removing obstructions: clear a path through the jungle. c. To remove (objects or obstructions): clear the dishes; clear snow from the road. 5. a. To remove the occupants of: clear the theater. b. To remove (people): clear the children from the room. 6. Computer Science. a. To rid (a memory or buffer, for example) of instructions or data. b. To remove (instructions or data) from a memory. 7. To free from a legal charge or imputation of guilt; acquit: cleared the suspect of the murder charge. 8. To pass by, under, or over without contact: The boat cleared the dock. 9. To settle (a debt). 10. To gain (a given amount) as net profit or earnings. 11. To pass (a bill of exchange, such as a check) through a clearing-house. 12. a. To secure the approval of: The bill cleared the Senate. b. To authorize or approve: cleared the material for publication. 13. To free (a ship or cargo) from legal detention at a harbor by fulfilling customs and harbor requirements. 14. To give clearance or authorization to: cleared the plane to land. 15. To free (the throat) of phlegm by making a rasping sound. — v. intr. 1. To become clear: The sky cleared. 2. To go away; disappear: The fog cleared. 3. a. To exchange checks and bills or settle accounts through a clearing-house. b. To pass through the banking system and be debited and credited to the relevant accounts: The check cleared. 4. To comply with customs and harbor requirements in discharging a cargo or in leaving or entering a port. — n. A clear or open space. —phrasal verb. clear out. Informal. To leave a place, usually quickly. —idioms. clear the air. To dispel differences or emotional tensions. in the clear. 2. Free from burdens or dangers. 3. Not subject to suspicion or accusations of guilt: The evidence showed that the suspect was in the clear. [Middle English cler, from Old French, from Latin cla$rus, clear, bright. See kelә-² in Appendix.]

(OED) clear

forms:  Middle English cler, (Middle English clier, clyre, clyer), Middle English–1600s clere, Middle English–1700s cleer, Middle English–1600s cleere, (Middle English clure, 1500s cleir, clar), 1500s–1600s cleare, (1700s–1800s dialect clair), 1500s– clear.

etymology: Middle English cler, < Old French cler (11–16th cent.; 14th– clair), corresponding to Provençal clar, Spanish claro, Italian chiaro < Latin clārum bright, clear, manifest, plain, brilliant, illustrious, famous, etc. Senses A. 1 – A. 13 were already present in French; the further developments of the sense are peculiar to English, and partly due to association with the native word clean n., the earlier domain of which has been largely occupied by clear, while in various uses the two are still synonymous. But the now predominant notion of ‘unencumbered, free, rid’ is a further development, not found in clean n.

1. adj.
2. Of light, colour, things illuminated.

1.†a. originally. Expressing the vividness or intensity of light: Brightly shining, bright, brilliant.

1. Now expressing the purity or uncloudedness of light; clear fire, a fire in full combustion without flame or smoke. Also used with adjectives, as clear white, clear brown, etc.
2. a. Of the day, daylight, etc.: Fully light, bright; opposed to dusk or twilight. archaic.
3. Of the weather: originally. Full of sunshine, bright, ‘fine’; serene, ‘fair’. Obsolete. (Cf. to clear up.)
4. Now: Free from cloud, mists, and haze; a ‘clear day’, ‘clear weather’ is that in which the air is transparent so that distant objects are distinctly seen; a ‘clear sky’, a sky void of cloud.
5. figurative. Serene, cheerful; of unclouded countenance or spirit. Obsolete or archaic.
6. a. Allowing light to pass through, transparent.
7. Of coloured liquids, etc.; Translucent, pellucid, free from sediment, not turbid or opaque.

4 .a. Bright or shining, as polished illuminated surfaces; lustrous. (Now expressing esp. purity and evenness of lustre.)

1. gen. Bright, splendid, brilliant. Obsolete.
2. A common epithet of women: Beautiful, beauteous, fair. Obsolete.
3. Of the complexion, skin, etc.: Bright, fresh, and of pure colour; blooming; in modern use, esp. implying purity or transparency of the surface skin, and absence of freckles, discolouring spots, or ‘muddiness’ of complexion.
4. figurative. Illustrious. [So Latin clārus.] Obsolete.
5. Of vision, perception, discernment.
6. Of lines, marks, divisions: Clearly seen, distinct, well-marked, sharp.

7.a. Of words, statements, explanations, meaning: Easy to understand, fully intelligible, free from obscurity of sense, perspicuous.

1. Also transferred to the speaker or writer.
2. Not in cipher or code. Often absol., in clear.
3. clear as daylight.
4. 8. Of a vision, conception, notion, view, memory, etc.: Distinct, unclouded, free from confusion.
5. a. Manifest to the mind or judgement, evident, plain.
6. Of a case at law: Of which the solution is evident.
7. Of the eyes, and faculty of sight: Seeing distinctly, having keen perception.
8. 11. Of the faculty of discernment: That sees, discerns, or judges without confusion of ideas.
9. Of persons: Having a vivid or distinct impression or opinion; subjectively free from doubt; certain, convinced, confident, positive, determined. Const. †in (an opinion, belief), †of (a fact), as to, on, about (a fact, course of action), for (a course of action); that. I am clear that = it is clear to me that. [So in 12th cent. French.]

III. Of sound.

13. a. Of sounds, voice: Ringing, pure and well-defined, unmixed with dulling or interfering noises; distinctly audible.
14. Phonetics. Designating one of two varieties of lateral consonants (the other being called ‘dark’) (see quots.).
15. Of moral purity, innocence.
16. figurative from 3: Pure, guileless, unsophisticated.
17. a. Unspotted, unsullied; free from fault, offence, or guilt; innocent. Cf. clean adj.
18. Const. of, from.
19. Of free, unencumbered condition.
20. a. Of income, gain, etc.: Free from any encumbrance, liability, deduction, or abatement; unencumbered; net.
21. Sheer, mere, bare, unaided. Obsolete.
22. Free from all limitation, qualification, question, or shortcoming; absolute, complete; entire, pure, sheer. Cf. clean adj.
23. a. Free from encumbering contact; disengaged, unentangled, out of reach, quite free; quit, rid.
24. with from.
25. with of. Quit, rid, free.
26. In such phrases as to get or keep (oneself) clear, to steer clear, go clear, stand clear, the adjective passes at length into an adverb.
27. With noun of action.
28. a. Of measurement of space or time: combining the notions of senses A. 17, A. 18.
29. clear side (of a ship): see quot. 1873.
30. clear day or days: a day or days, with no part occupied or deducted.
31. a. Free from obstructions or obstacles; unoccupied by buildings, trees, furniture, etc.; open.
32. Free from roughnesses, protuberances, knots, branches; = clean adj. 12.
33. clear ship n. a ship whose deck is cleared for action.
34. 21. Free or emptied of contents, load, or cargo; empty; esp. of a ship, when discharged.
35. 22. Free from any encumbrance or trouble; out of debt; out of the hold of the law.
36. Free from pecuniary complications.
37. slang. Very drunk. Obsolete.
38. a. U.S. slang. Free from admixture, unadulterated, pure, ‘real.’ clear grit: ‘real stuff’: see quots.
39. In technical or trade use.
40. adv. [Clear is not originally an adverb, and its adverbial use arose partly out of the predicative use of the adjective, as in ‘the sun shines clear’; partly out of the analogy of native English adverbs which by loss of final -e had become formally identical with their adjectives, esp. of clean adv., which it has largely supplanted.]
41. 1. Brightly, with effulgence; with undimmed or unclouded lustre. [Cf. bright adv. 1 similarly used.]

†2. In a clear or perspicuous manner; distinctly. Obsolete (now clearly adv.)

3. Manifestly, evidently. Obsolete (now clearly adv.)
4. a. With clear voice; distinctly; clearly adv.
5. clear-away adv. entirely, completely.
6. a. Completely, quite, entirely, thoroughly; = clean adv. 5. Obsolete exc. dialect and U.S.
7. With away, off, out, through, over, and the like; esp. where there is some notion of getting clear of obstructions, or of escaping; = clean adv.
8. See other quasi-adverbial uses in A. 18d.
9. n.
10. Elliptical uses of the adjective.
11. A fair lady, a ‘fair’. Obsolete.
12. Brightness, clearness. Obsolete.
13. The clear part of a mirror. Obsolete.
14. Painting. (plural) Lights as opposed to shades.
15. a. Clear space, part of anything clear of the frame or setting. in the clear: in interior measurement. See A. 19.
16. b. Colloquial phrase in the clear: (a) out of reach; (b) unencumbered; free from trouble, danger, suspicion, etc.;  (c) having a clear profit. Originally U.S.
17. Verbal noun from clear v.
18. a. A clearing of the atmosphere, sky, or weather.
19. With adverbs: clear-out, an act of clearing out (see to clear out at clear v. Phrasal verbs); clear-up, an act of clearing up, spec. the settlement of accounts (see to clear up 7 at clear v. Phrasal verbs); also attributive.

(Online Etymology) clear (adj.) c. 1300, "giving light, shining, luminous;" also "not turbid; transparent, allowing light to pass through; free from impurities; morally pure, guiltless, innocent;" of colors, "bright, pure;" of weather or the sky or sea, "not stormy; mild, fair, not overcast, fully light, free from darkness or clouds;" of the eyes or vision, "clear, keen;" of the voice or sound, "plainly audible, distinct, resonant;" of the mind, "keen-witted, perspicacious;" of words or speech, "readily understood, manifest to the mind, lucid" (an Old English word for this was sweotol "distinct, clear, evident"); of land, "cleared, leveled;" from Old French cler "clear" (of sight and hearing), "light, bright, shining; sparse" (12c., Modern French clair), from Latin clarus "clear, loud," of sounds; figuratively "manifest, plain, evident," in transferred use, of sights, "bright, distinct;" also "illustrious, famous, glorious" (source of Italian chiaro, Spanish claro), from PIE *kle-ro-, from root *kele- (2) "to shout."

clear -கலைச்சொற்கள்                                

clear air turbulence                          தூய காற்றுக் கொந்தளிப்பு

clearance                                           அப்புறப்படுத்துதல்  

clearance angle                                இடைவெளிக் கோணம்      

clearance gauge                              இடைவெளி அளவி 

clearcole                                            தொடக்கத் தீற்று      

clear cut                                             திட்டவட்டமான      

clear days                                          இடை முழுநாள்கள் 

clear income                                     ஐயமற்ற வருமானம்

clearing                                              தெளிவாக்குதல்        

clearing agent                                   தீர்வு முகவர் 

clearing bank                                    தீர்வக வைப்பகம்    

clearing cheque                                தீர்வுக் காசோலை   

clearing house                                  தீர்வகம்         

clearing nut                                       தேற்றான்கொட்டை

clearing system                                தீர்க்குமுறை  

clearness                                           தெள்ளிமை   

clear sighted                                     தெண்பார்வையுடைய        

clear white                                         துய்யமல்லிநெல்      

                                                                         -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

clear                                                   சுதும்பற்ற      

clear-cut                                             திட்டவட்டமான, தெளிவான.        

clear-eyed                                         தெளிவான பார்வை உடைய, அறிவுத்தெளிவுடைய.    

clear-headed                                     உணர்வுத் தெளிவுடைய.    

clear-sighted                                     தெளிவான பார்வையுடைய, அறிவுத் தெளிவுடைய.     

clear-starcher                                    ஆடைவெளுப்பவள், வண்ணகப் பணிப்பெண்.  

clear-starching                                  தெளிந்த கஞ்சிப் பசையால் துணிகளை விறைப்பாக்கும் செயல்.           

clearwing                                           பளிங்கு போன்ற சிறகுடைய விட்டில் வகை.      

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

clear                                                   துடை 

                                                                        - கலைச்சொல் அகராதி

line clear                                            மின்னூட்டம் நீக்கம்

clear -cut                                            தெளிவான, திட்டவட்டமான        

clear days                                          முழுமையான நாட்கள்        

clear                                                   தீர்வு, ஒப்படைப்பு   

clear a position                                 நிலைப்பாடு  

clear income                                     தெளிவான வருமானம்       

clear profits                                        தெளிவான ஆதாயங்கள்    

clear title                                            அப்பழுக்கற்ற உரிமைநிலை          

felling, clear                                       முழு வெட்டல்          

clear-cut                                             முழு மரவெட்டல்     

clear air                                              தூயக்காற்று 

clear cutting                                       முழுநீக்க மரவெட்டல்         

veinclearing                                      சிரைவெளிர்தல்       

clear base                                          (ஒளிப்பட) நிறமிலாப் பூச்சு

clear channel                                    தெளிந்த தடம்          

clear ice                                             தெளிந்த பனிக்கட்டி

clear text                                            தெளிவுரை    

clear-face worsted                           சிக்கலற்ற முறுக்குகம்பளி நூல்      

clear-line image                                தெளிவான கடுங்கோட்டுரு

clear-voice override                         தெளிவுத்தகவல் பெறுதிறன்           

felling clear                                        முழுவதும் வெட்டுதல்          

clear felling                                        முழுமரம் வெட்டல்  

clear sky                                            நீலவானம், தெளிந்தவானம்           

                        -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

CLEDONISM 

(Online Etymology) cledonism (n.) "avoidance of words deemed unlucky," 1885, from Latinized form of Greek kledon "omen or presage contained in a word or sound," also "report, rumor, tidings; fame" (from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout") + -ism.

CONCILIATE 

(Skeat) conciliate, to win over. (L.) ‘To conciliate amitie;’ Joye, Exposition of Daniel, c. 11. — Lat. conciliatus, pp. of conciliare, to conciliate, bring together, unite. —Lat. concilium, an assembly, union. See council. Der. conciliat-ion, conciliat-or, conciliat-or-y.

(Chambers) conciliate v. win over, soothe. 1545, from Latin conciliātus, past participle of conciliāre unite in feeling, make friendly, from concilium convocation, council; for suffix see -ate¹. -conciliation n. 1543, borrowed from Old French conciliation, learned borrowing from Latin conciliātiōnem (nominative conciliātiō), from conciliāre; for suffix see -tion. -conciliatory adj. 1576, formed from English conciliate +-ory.

(John Ayto) conciliate see council

(Onions) conciliate gain the goodwill of, win over; reconcile. xvi. f. pp. stem of L. conciliāre combine, unite, procure, gain, win, f. concilium meeting, union, council; see –ate³. So concilia·tion. xvi. - L. conci·liator. xvi. - L. conci·liatory. xvi.

(American Heritage) con·cil·i·ate v. con·cil·i·at·ed, con·cil·i·at·ing, con·cil·i·ates. — v. tr. 1. To overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease. 2. To regain or try to regain (friendship or goodwill) by pleasant behavior. 3. To make or attempt to make compatible; reconcile. — v. intr. To gain or try to gain someone’s friendship or goodwill. See Synonyms at pacify. [Latin concilia$re, concilia$t-, from concilium, meeting. See kelә-² in Appendix.] - conciliation n.

(OED) conciliate

etymology: < Latin conciliāt-, participial stem of conciliāre to combine, unite physically or in thought or feeling, to make friendly or agreeable, to recommend, to cause to meet, to procure, acquire, produce; < concilium convocation, council n. (The senses having been already developed in Latin appear somewhat disjointedly in English.)

1. transitive. To procure, acquire, gain, get, as an accession or addition. Obsolete.
2. a. To gain (goodwill, esteem, etc.) by acts which soothe, pacify, or induce friendly feeling. (cf. 6.)
3. of things.
4. Const. to, for.
5. To make acceptable, recommend. (In quot. ?1615 reflexive.) Obsolete.
6. To reconcile, make accordant or compatible.
7. a. intransitive. To come to a position of friendliness; to make friends with. Obsolete.
8. In industrial disputes, etc.: to act as a mediator (between contending parties).
9. a. transitive. To gain over in feeling; to overcome the distrust or hostility of, by soothing and pacifying means; to induce friendly and kindly feelings in; to soothe, placate, pacify. Also absol.
10. To make (things) amicable and agreeable; to disarm (objections).
11. [Mixture of 2c and 6.] To win over from a position of distrust or hostility to (one's side).

(Online Etymology) conciliate (v.) "overcome distrust or hostility of by soothing and pacifying," 1540s, from Latin conciliatus, past participle of conciliare "to bring together, unite in feelings, make friendly," from concilium "a meeting, a gathering of people," from assimilated form of com "together, together with" (see com-) + PIE *kal-yo-, suffixed form of root *kele- (2) "to shout" (the notion is of "a calling together"). Related: Conciliated; conciliating; conciliary. The earlier verb was Middle English concile "to reconcile" (late 14c.).

conciliate -கலைச்சொற்கள்                        

conciliate                                           இணக்கப்படுவது    

                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

CONCILIATION 

(American Heritage) see conciliate 

(OED) conciliation

etymology: < Latin conciliātiōn-em, noun of action fromconciliāre to conciliate v. So French conciliation (in Cotgrave).

1. a. The action of bringing into harmony; harmonizing, reconcilement.
2. court (tribunal) of conciliation: a court for composing disputes by offering to the parties a voluntary settlement, the case proceeding to a judicial court if this is not accepted.
3. The gaining or winning by quiet means.
4. Peaceable or friendly union. Obsolete.
5. a. Conversion from a state of hostility or distrust; the promotion of good will by kind and considerate measures; the exhibition of a spirit of amity, practice of conciliatory measures.
6. b. attributive.
7. Any of various means whereby disputes between employer and employees may be settled by agreement without proceeding to arbitration.
8. Rhetoric

(Online Etymology) conciliation (n.) 1540s, "act of converting from jealousy or suspicion and gaining favor or good will," from French conciliation, from Latin conciliationem (nominative conciliatio) "a connection, union, bond," figuratively "a making friendly, gaining over," noun of action from past-participle stem of conciliare "to bring together, unite in feelings, make friendly" (see conciliate).

conciliation -கலைச்சொற்கள்                    

debt conciliation                               கடன் இணக்கம்      

conciliation                                        இணக்கமுறுத்தம்     

conciliation board                             இணக்கவாரியம்     

conciliation officer                            இணக்கமுறுத்தலுவலர்       

conciliation proceeding                   இணக்கப்பாட்டு நடவடிக்கை       

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

conciliation                                        ஒப்புரவிணக்கம், சமரசம்.   

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

Conciliation                                       இணைக்கப்படுத்துதல்        

                                                                        -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி (2015)

conciliation                                        இணக்கத்தீர்வு         

conciliation proceeding                   சந்துசெய் நடவடிக்கை       

                        -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

Council

(Skeat) council an assembly. (F., ─ L.) In Shak. L. L.L. v. 2. 789. Often confused with counsel, with which it had originally nothing to do; council can only be rightly used in the restricted sense of ‘assembly for deliberation’ Misspelt counsel in the following quotation. ‘They shall deliuer you vp to their counsels, and shall scourge you in their sinagoges or counsel-houses;’ Tyndal, Works, p. 214, col. 2; cf. conciliis in the Vulgate version of Matt. x. 17. —F. concile, ‘a councill, an assembly, session;’ Cotgrave. ─Lat. concilium, an assembly called together. ─ Lat. con-, for cum, together; and calare, to call. ─ √ KAL, to call, later form of ─√KAR, to call; Fick, i. 521, 529. Der. councill-or = M.E. counceller, Gower, C. A. iii. 192.

(Chambers) council n. meeting, assembly. 1125 concilie assembly of churchmen; later counseil (about 1300) and councel (probably before 1400); borrowed from Old North French concilie, Old French concile, cuncile, learned borrowing from Latin concilium gathering, assembly (con- together, variant of com- before c + -cilium, related to calāre call out; see low², v. sound of cattle).

In early English council and counsel were frequently confused. In the 1500's council became established as a deliberative body, and counsel was restricted to the giving of advice and related senses. -council chamber (1407) -council house (before 1393) -councilman n. (before 1637, in writings of Ben Jonson). -councilor n. (before 1325 counsalour priue, in Cursor Mundi; later councillor, 1586).

(John Ayto) council [12] Etymologically, a council is a body that has been ‘called together’ or ‘summoned’. Latin concilium    meant ‘assembly, meeting’; it was formed from the prefix com- ‘together’ and calāre ‘call, summon’. It passed into English via Anglo-Norman cuncile. It has no direct etymological connection with counsel, but the two are so similar that their meanings have tended to merge at various points down the centuries. Latin concilium also formed the basis of the verb conciliāre, which originally meant ‘bring together, unite’. Its metaphorical sense ‘make more friendly, win over’ is preserved in English conciliate [16]. ® conciliate

(Onions) legislative assembly of ecclesiastics xii; advisory or deliberative assembly; body of councillors xiii. -AN. cuncile, concilie- L. concilium convocation, assembly, meeting, f. com con-+calāre call, summon, rel. to Gr. kaleîn call. In form and meaning (through the sense 'assembly for consultation') blended at an early date with counsel, but differentiation began xvi. So cou·ncillor member of a council. xiv; alteration of counsellor by assim. to council.

(American Heritage) coun·cil n. 1. a. An assembly of persons called together for consultation, deliberation, or discussion. b. A body of people elected or appointed to serve in an administrative, legislative, or advisory capacity. c. An assembly of church officials and theologians convened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline. 2. The discussion or deliberation that takes place in such an assembly or body. — n. attributive. Often used to modify another noun: a council chamber; the council table. [Middle English counceil, from Old French concile, from Latin concilium. See kelә-² in Appendix.]

(OED) council

forms:  Middle English (concilium), concilie, Middle English conceil, Middle English–1500s counceil, Middle English counceyl(l, Middle English– councell, 1500s concille, cowncell(e, 1500s–1600s councel, 1500s–1700s councill, 1500s– council. Also (esp. in senses 4) Middle English conseil, Middle English cunsile, consile, consail, (consaile, consaille, Middle English consale, consell), counseil, (counseile, counsile), Middle English–1500s counsail, counsayl, Middle English–1600s counseill, counsaile, Middle English conseille, counseille, counseyl, counsele, counsell, cownsell, Middle English–1500s conseyl (l, Middle English–1600s counsell, counsall, cownsele, cownsell (e, 1500s cunsel, counsaille, counsayle, counsayll, 1500s–1600s counsale, 1500s–1700s counsel.

etymology: In Branch I, representing Old French cuncile, ONFrench concilie, = Latin concilium (< con- together + cal- to call) a convocation, assembly, meeting, union, connection, close conjunction; sometimes an assembly for consultation, in which sense it became confused with consilium an advisory body (though the confusion was perhaps in most cases due to later scribes of manuscripts). In mediæval times concilium was mainly appropriated to the assemblies convoked to settle points of doctrine and discipline in the Church, or the relations between Church and State in particular countries, —the Councils. An early Latin-Greek Gloss. in Du Cange has Concilium, συνέδριον, συμβούλιον, σύνοδος; and an ancient Codex of the Canons quoted by him has ‘Synodum autem ex Graeco interpretari Comitatum, vel Cœtum; Concilii autem nomen tractum ex more Romano’. In Old French consilium came down as a living word in the form conseil, while concile (concire) was used for the ecclesiastical concilium, which sense it still exclusively retains. In English, the two words were, from the beginning, completely confused: conseil was frequently spelt conceil; concile was spelt consile and conceil; and the two words were treated as one, under a variety of forms, of which counseil, later counsel, was the central type. In the 16th cent. differentiation again began: councel, later council, was established for the ecclesiastical concilium, French concile; and this spelling has been extended to all cases in which the word means a deliberative assembly or advisory body (where Latin has consilium, French conseil), leaving counsel to the action of counselling and kindred senses. The practical distinction thus established between council and counsel does not correspond to Latin or French usage.

1. Uses derived from Latin concilium.
2. generally. An assembly called together for any purpose; a convocation or congregation. Obsolete.
3. spec. An assembly of ecclesiastics (with or without laymen) convened for the regulation of doctrine or discipline in the church, or, in earlier times, of settling points in dispute between the ecclesiastical and civil powers. [The only sense of French concile.]
4. In the New Testament, regularly used to render Greek συνέδριον, Vulgate concilium, chiefly in reference to the Jewish Sanhedrim, or a meeting of that body.
5. Uses derived from Latin consilium, French conseil.

* An advisory or deliberative assembly.

4. a. An assembly or meeting for consultation or advice, as a council of physicians; a deliberative assembly.
5. Great Council n. English History sometimes applied to a Witena gemót or assembly of the witan, under the Anglo-Saxon kings; more frequently to the assemblies under the Norman kings of tenants-in-chief and great ecclesiastics, out of which the House of Lords originated, and to occasional general assemblies of the barons or peers in later times. Also used of similar national assemblies of other countries, as the Cortes of Spain or Portugal.
6. Cabinet Council n. see cabinet n. 8a, 8b.
7. See also council of war n. at sense 14, Common Council 15c.
8. Phrases. in, at, to, from council: i.e. the deliberative assembly, the council-chamber, and thence the consultation or deliberation that takes place there. (Cf. at church, at school, etc.)

** A body of counsellors (or councillors).

6. a. A body of men chosen or designated as permanent advisers on matters of state, esp. to advise and assist a sovereign or ruler in the administration of the government. In English History chiefly applied to the King's privy council n. II., in which sense it is still used in the Committee of Council on Education, and for the Channel Islands; also in Orders in Council.
7. Council of State n. in the same sense, still used in speaking of France (= Conseil d' État) and other foreign countries.

†c. Also in other obsolete titles, as Secret Council (in Scotl.), Council of Trade, etc.

7. Scottish History. The Scottish Privy Council, the members of which, called Lords of Council, sat for judicial business during the vacation of Parliament; also the Daily Council, a body having civil jurisdiction, created by Act Jas. IV, 1503, c. 58.
8. In Crown colonies and dependencies of Great Britain, a body assisting the governor in an executive or legislative capacity, or in both. This survives in some of the United States, as Massachusetts and Maine, in the advisory body called the Governor's Council.
9. In reference to foreign countries: The name of various deliberative and administrative bodies:
10. The local administrative body of a corporate town or city; also (since 1888) of an English ‘administrative’ county or district.
11. a. A body of men associated with the president (or directors) of a society or institution, to consult upon its business and share in its administration; a deliberative and administrative committee. [Latinized as concilium, though properly belonging to Latin consilium: in French conseil.]
12. In University use.
13. In some of the Reformed churches: An advisory assembly of clerical, or clerical and lay, members.
14. 13. Council and Session n. Scottish see sense 7.
15. council of war n.
16. An assembly of officers (military or naval) called to consult with the general or commanding officer, usually in a special emergency. Also transferred and figurative.
17. In some foreign countries: A body forming a permanent advisory committee or board on military affairs.
18. Common Council n.
19. Without special meaning: = General council; see 1.
20. b. The administrative body of a corporate town or city; a town or city council. In England (since the Act of 1835) retained as a title only in the case of London; used in some cities in U.S.
21. A meeting of such a body. Obsolete.
22. d. Hence Common councilman: see under councilman n.
23. 16. Privy Council n. see privy adj., n., and adv.

(Online Etymology) council (n.) "assembly of persons for consultation, deliberation or advice," early 12c., originally in the Church sense, "assembly of prelates and theologians to regulate doctrine and discipline," from Anglo-French cuncile, from Old North French concilie (Old French concile, 12c.) "assembly; council meeting; body of counsellors," from Latin concilium "a meeting, a gathering of people," from PIE *kal-yo-, suffixed form of root *kele- (2) "to shout." The notion is of a calling together. The tendency to confuse it in form and meaning with counsel has been consistent since 16c.

council -கலைச்சொற்கள்                            

executive council                             செயலாட்சிமன்றம்  

development council                       வளர்ச்சி மன்றம்       

cabinet council                                 அமைச்சவை ஆய்வுக்கூட்டம்       

council                                               உறுப்பினர் அவை  

council-board                                    மன்றமெடை

council chamber                               அவைக்களம்

councillor                                           மன்றஉறுப்பினர்     

council of war                                    போர்த்துறை ஆய்வு மன்றம்          

bar council                                        வழக்கறிஞர்கழகம்  

advisory council                               அறிவுரைக்கழகம்    

army council                                     போர்வினைக் குழு  

-அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)  

Whitley Council                                முதலாளி-தொழிலாளி கூட்டுப் பிரதிநிதிகளைக் கொண்ட ஆராய்வுக் குழு         

council                                               மன்றம், ஆய்வராய்வுக் கழகம்       

council-board                                    மன்ற மேடை

council-chamber                               ஆய்வுமன்றக் கூடம்

council-house                                   மன்ற மாளிகை        

council-school                                  மாவட்ட ஆட்சிக் கழகத்தால் நடத்தப்படும் பள்ளி          

councilman                                        நகராட்சிக் கழக உறுப்பினர்          

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

Council                                              அவை

                                                                        -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி (2015)

standing council                               நிலையான வழக்குரைஞர் 

municipal council                             நகராட்சி மன்றம்     

legislative council                             சட்டமேலவை          

executive council                             செயலாட்சி மன்றம் 

district development council           மாவட்ட வளர்ச்சி மன்றம்   

council                                               சட்டமன்றம், நகரவை         

bar council                                        வழக்குரைஞர் கழகம்/மன்றம்        

council of states                                மாநிலங்களின் அவை         

state council                                      நாட்டுக்குழு  

customs co- operative council       சுங்கக் கூட்டுறவு மன்றம்   

national economic development

                                   council        நாட்டுப் பொருளாதார முன்னேற்ற மன்றம்         

council                                               ஆட்சிக்குழு  

council of elders                               முதியோர் குழு         

council                                               மன்றம்          

council for the central laboratory

         of the research councils       ஆய்வுக்குழுக்களின் மைய ஆய்வகக் குழு

national space council                    தேசிய விண்வெளிக் குழு   

research council                               ஆராய்ச்சிக் குழு (பேரவை)

productivity council                          உற்பத்தித்திறன் குழு          

national development council        தேசிய மேம்பாட்டுக் குழு   

indian council of agricultural

              research                             இந்திய வேளாண்மை ஆராய்ச்சிக் குழுமம்          

handloom export promotion

                      council                       கைத்தறி ஏற்றுமதி வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம்        

extension education council           விரிவாக்கக் கல்விப் பேரவை        

district development council           மாவட்ட வளர்ச்சிக் குழு     

central agricultural machinery

      and implements development

      council                                         மைய வேளாண்மை எந்திரங்கள்  

                                                                        -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி               

Council                                              ஆட்சிமுறை  

                                                                        -சட்டச் சொல்லகராதி (2007)

Council                                              ஆய்வாராய்வுக் கழகம்       

                                                                   -வேளாண்மைக் கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி (2003)

DECLAIM 

(Skeat) declaim, to declare aloud, advocate loudly. (F., —L.) Wilson has declame; Arte of Retorique, p. 158. Skelton has declamacyons, Garlande of Laurell, 326. The reading declamed occurs in Chaucer, Troilus, ii. 1247, ed. Morris; where Tyrwhitt prints declared. —O.F. declamer, ‘to declame, to make orations of feigned subjects;’ Cot. ─ Lat. declamare, to cry aloud, make a speech. Lat. de, down, here intensive; and clamare, to cry out. See claim. Der. de-claim-er, declaim-ant; and (from Lat. pp. declamatus) declamat-ion declamat-or-y.

(Chambers) declaim v. recite. About 1385 declamen, in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde; borrowed through Middle French déclamer, or directly from Latin declāmāre (dē-away, out + clāmāre to cry, call, shout; see low², v.) The current spelling declaim replaced the earlier spelling in the 1600's by influence of claim. -declamation n. Before 1387 déclamacioun, borrowed perhaps through Middle French déclamation, or directly from Latin dēclāmātiōnem (nominative declāmātiō), from dēclāmāre declaim; for suffix see -tion.

(American Heritage) de·claim v. de·claimed, de·claim·ing, de·claims. — v. intr. 1. To deliver a formal recitation, especially as an exercise in rhetoric or elocution. 2. To speak loudly and vehemently; inveigh. — v. tr. To utter or recite with rhetorical effect. [Middle English declamen, from Latin de$cla$ma$re: de$-, intensive pref.; see de- + cla$ma$re, to cry out; see kelә-² in Appendix.]

(OED) declaim

forms:  Also Middle English–1600s -clame, 1600s -claime, -clayme.

etymology: Formerly declame, < Latin dēclāmāre, < de- prefix 1c + clāmāre to cry: subsequently assimilated to claim. Compare French déclamer (1549 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).

1. intransitive.
2. 1. (a) To speak aloud with studied rhetorical force and expression; to make a speech on a set subject or theme as an exercise in public oratory or disputation. (b) To recite with elocutionary or rhetorical effect. chiefly U.S.
3. to declaim against: to speak in an impassioned oratorical manner in reprobation or condemnation of; to inveigh against.
4. a. To speak aloud in an impassioned oratorical manner, with appeals to the emotions rather than the reason of the audience; to harangue.
5. quasi-transitive with complement.
6. transitive.
7. To discuss aloud; to debate. Obsolete. rare.
8. To speak or utter aloud with studied rhetorical expression; to repeat or recite rhetorically.

†6. = to declaim against at sense 2; to decry, denounce. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) declaim (v.) late 14c., "practice oratory, make a formal speech or oration," from Old French declamer (Modern French déclamer) and directly from Latin declamare "to practice public speaking, to bluster," from de-, here perhaps an intensive prefix (see de-) + clamare "to cry, shout" (from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout").

Declaim -கலைச்சொற்கள்                          

declaim                                              முழககமிடப் பேசு, தாக்கிப்பேசு    

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

DECLARE

(Skeat) declare, to make clear, assert. (F., —L.) M.E. declaren; Chaucer, Comp. of Mars, 163; Gower, C. A. i. 158. —O.F. declarer, ‘to declare, tell, relate;’ Cot. —Lat. declarare, pp. declaratus, to make clear, declare. —Lat. de-, i.e. fully; and clarus, clear. See clear. Der. declarat-ion, declarat-ive, declarat-ive-ly, declarat-or-y, declarat-or-i-ly.

(Chambers) declare v. Before 1338 declaren decide a legal question, in Mannyng's Chronicle of England; borrowed perhaps through Old French declarer, or directly from Latin dēclārāre make evident or clear (dē- off, away + clārāre make clear, from clārus clear). The meaning of proclaim or state, is first recorded in English in 1399. -declaration n. About 1380, in Chaucer's translation of Boethius' De Consolatione Philosophiae; borrowed probably through Old French declaration, from Latin dēclārātio$nem (nominative declārātiō), from dēclārāre declare; for suffix see -ation. -declarative adj. About 1445, borrowed perhaps through Middle French déclaratif (feminine déclarative), or directly from Late Latin dēclārātīvus, from Latin dēclārāt-, past participle stem of dēclārāre declare; for suffix see -IVE. -declaratory adj. 1440, borrowed from Medieval Latin declaratorius, from Latin dēclārator a declarer, from dēclārāre declare; for suffix see -ory.

(John Ayto) declare [14] To declare something is to make it ‘clear’. English acquired the word from Latin dēclārāre ‘make clear’, a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix dē- and clārāre ‘make clear’, a derivative of clārus ‘clear’. ® claret, clear

(Onions) declare †manifest; state publicly 1 or explicitly. xiv. - L. dēclārāre make clear, f. dē de-3 + clārāre, f. clārus clear. (Cf. F. déclarer (xv), which superseded OF. Desclairier.) So declaration deklәrei·ʃәn. xiv.  ─ L.; so F. (xv). declaratory xv. -medL.

(American Heritage) de·clare v. de·clared, de·clar·ing, de·clares. — v. tr. 1. To make known formally or officially. See Synonyms at announce. 2. To state emphatically or authoritatively; affirm. 3. To reveal or make manifest; show. 4. To make a full statement of (dutiable goods, for example). 5. Games. To designate (a trump suit or no-trump) with the final bid of a hand in bridge. — v. intr. 1. To make a declaration. 2. To proclaim one’s support, choice, opinion, or resolution. See Synonyms at assert. —idiom. declare war. 1. To state formally the intention to carry on armed hostilities against. 2. To state one’s intent to suppress or eradicate: declared war on drug dealing in the neighborhood. [Middle English declaren, from Old French declarer, from Latin dēclārāre : dē-, intensive pref.; see DE- + clārāre, to make clear (from clārus, clear); see kelә-2 in Appendix.]

(OED) declare

forms:  Also Middle English declar, Scottish disclar, 1500s declair, declayre.

origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French déclarer.

etymology: < French déclare-r, < Latin dēclārāre to clear up, make clear or evident, < de- prefix 1c + clārus clear, clārāre to make clear. Old French had desclairier, < des-, de- (de- prefix 1f) + clair clear, which was gradually brought, through declairir, declairer, into conformity with the Latin type.

1. transitive. To make clear or plain (anything that is obscure or imperfectly understood); to clear up, explain, expound, interpret, elucidate.
2. To manifest, show forth, make known; to unfold, set forth (facts, circumstances, etc.); to describe, state in detail; to recount, relate. Obsolete.
3. 3. intransitive. To make exposition or relation of.
4. 4. transitive. Of things: To manifest, show, demonstrate, prove.
5. a. To make known or state publicly, formally, or in explicit terms; to assert, proclaim, announce or pronounce by formal statement or in solemn terms.
6. b. with complement: a person, etc. (to be) something.
7. to declare war: to make formal and public proclamation of hostilities against (†to) another power.
8. d. to declare a dividend: to announce officially a (specified) dividend as payable.
9. a. To state emphatically; to affirm, aver, assert.
10. Used as a mere asseveration.
11. to declare oneself:
12. to avow or proclaim one's opinions, leanings, or intentions.
13. to make known or reveal one's true character, identity, or existence; also figurative of things.
14. with for or against, etc. Cf. 8.
15. reflexive. To declare one's love for another person; to propose marriage. Cf. declaration n. 3b.
16. a. intransitive (for reflexive) to declare for (in favour of), or against: to make known or avow one's sympathy, opinion, or resolution to act, for or against.
17. to declare for: to declare oneself a candidate for; to make a bid for. Obsolete.
18. to declare off: to state formally that one is ‘off’ with a bargain or undertaking; to break off an engagement, practice, etc.; to withdraw, back out. colloquial. (Rarely transitive)
19. 10. Law.
20. intransitive. To make a declaration or statement of claim as plaintiff in an action. Also with that.
21. b. transitive. To make a formal statement constituting or acknowledging (a trust or use).
22. To make a full and proper statement of or as to (goods liable to duty); to name (such and such dutiable goods) as being in one's possession. transitive and intransitive.
23. a. In the game of bezique: To announce (a particular score) by laying down the cards which yield the score; to lay the cards face up on the table for this purpose. transitive or absol.
24. transitive and intransitive. Cricket. To close an innings before the usual ten wickets have fallen; originally ‘to declare the innings at an end’.
25. transitive and intransitive. In the game of Bridge, to name the trump suit, or to announce the intention to play ‘no trumps’; in auction or contract bridge, to announce the number of tricks that one intends to make.
26. transitive. ‘In billiards, to name or designate the particulars as to the balls, the pocket, etc. of (a shot about to be played)’ (Webster 1911).

†12. transitive. To clear (a person) of a charge or imputation. Obsolete.

13. 13. Horse Racing. To announce the withdrawal of (a horse) from a race for which it has been entered; said also intransitive of the horse.

(Online Etymology)  (v.) mid-14c., declaren, "explain, interpret, make clear;" late 14c., "make known by words, state explicitly, proclaim, announce," from Old French declarer "explain, elucidate," or directly from Latin declarare "make clear, reveal, disclose, announce," from de-, here perhaps an intensive prefix (see de-) + clarare "to clarify," from clarus "clear" (see clear (adj.)).

declare -கலைச்சொற்கள்                            

declared value                                  அறிவிக்கப்பட்ட மதிப்பு     

draft declaration                               வரைவு அறிவிப்பு    

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

declare                                               சாற்று, அறிவி, தெரிவி       

declare off                                          கைவிடு, துற 

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

DISCLAIM

(Skeat) disclaim to renounce claim to. (L.; and F., —L.) Cotgrave translates desadvouer by ‘to disadvow, disclaime, refuse.’ From Lat. dis-, apart, away; and claim. See dis- and claim. Der. dis-claim-er.

(Chambers) disclaim v. 1434, in Proceedings of the Privy Council; borrowed through Anglo-French disclaimer, Old French desclamer (des- dis- + clamer claim); and through Anglo-Latin disclāmāre renounce (Latin dis- dis-+clāmāre cry out, claim). -disclaimer n. About 1436, borrowing of Anglo-French disclaimer, the infinitive used as a noun.

(Onions) disclaim renounce a claim. xvi. -legal AN. desclaim-, tonic stem of desclamer (AL. disclāmāre), f. des- dis- 2+clamer claim. So disclai·mer⁴ disavowal of a claim. xv. -AN. disclaimer, sb. use of inf.

(American Heritage) dis·claim v. dis·claimed, dis·claim·ing, dis·claims. — v. tr. 1. To deny or renounce any claim to or connection with; disown. 2. To deny the validity of; repudiate. 3. Law. To renounce one’s right or claim to. — v. intr. Law. To renounce a right or claim. [Middle English disclaimen, from Anglo-Norman desclaimer: des-, dis- + claimer, to claim (from Latin cla$ma$re, to cry out); see claim.]

(OED) disclaim

forms:  late Middle English discleyme, late Middle English dysclayme, late Middle English–1500s (1600s Scottish) disclame, late Middle English–1600s disclayme, 1500s dysclaim, 1500s–1600s disclaime, 1500s– disclaim, 1600s desclaim, 1600s desclaime.

origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French desclamer, desclaim-, disclaimer.

etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Law French desclamer, disclamer (stressed stem desclaim-, disclaim-; also, with remodelling after the stressed stem, disclaimer, disclaymer) to repudiate or disavow (a tenancy obligation or relationship) (end of the 13th cent. or earlier used intransitively, early 14th cent. or earlier used transitively, a1481 or earlier used intransitively with preposition en) < des-, dis- dis- prefix + clamer claim v.

Compare post-classical Latin disclamare (frequently from early 14th cent. in British sources).

In sense 7b apparently arising from confusion with declaim v. (compare slightly earlier declaim v. 2 and slightly later declaim v. 6).

1. Law (originally Feudal Law).
2. transitive. To repudiate or disavow (a tenancy obligation or relationship), often by making a formal disclaimer (disclaimer n.1 1a). Also with clause or infinitive as object, esp. in to disclaim to hold of (a person) and variants.
3. intransitive. Now rare.
4. intransitive with in (indicating the thing disclaimed). Obsolete.
5. 2. gen.
6. intransitive. To reject or disavow any part in something. Obsolete.
7. transitive. To disavow any connection with or claim to; to renounce or reject as not belonging or due to oneself; to disown formally or emphatically.
8. transitive. With complement. To deny or refuse to accept (a person) as being something specified.
9. Law.
10. transitive. To repudiate a connection with or interest in; to renounce or deny a legal claim to (a right, an office, an estate, etc.). Also intransitive. Cf. renounce v. 2.
11. transitive. To relinquish (a section of a patent) by submitting a disclaimer (disclaimer n.1 1c), with the aim of ensuring that the remainder of the patent continues to be valid.
12. a. intransitive. To make renunciation of something; to dissent or disassociate oneself from something. Obsolete.
13. intransitive. To become separated or disconnected from something. Obsolete. rare.
14. a. transitive. To refuse to admit or acknowledge; to deny. Also intransitive: to make a denial.
15. transitive. To refuse or reject the claims of (a person); to refuse (something claimed or due). Obsolete.
16. transitive. With infinitive. To refuse or decline to do something. Obsolete.
17. a. transitive. To denounce (a person). Usually with complement. Obsolete.
18. intransitive. With against. To speak in condemnation of; to inveigh against; = declaim v. 2.
19. 8. transitive. Heraldry. To declare (a person) to be not entitled to use and display an armorial bearing. Also: (of such a person) to relinquish (an armorial bearing) (also intransitive). historical after the 17th cent.

(Online Etymology) disclaim (v.) c. 1400, disclaimen, "renounce, relinquish, or repudiate a legal claim," originally in a feudal sense, from Anglo-French disclaimer(c. 1300), Old French desclamer "disclaim, disavow," from des- (see dis-) + clamer "to claim," from Latin clamare "to cry out, shout, proclaim," from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout." Meaning "disavow any connection with, reject as not belonging to oneself" is from 1590s. Related: Disclaimed; disclaiming.

disclaim -கலைச்சொற்கள்                          

disclaim                                             மறுதி, தெரியாதென்று கைவிரி     

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

Disclaim                                             ஏற்றுக்கொள்ள மறு

                                                                        -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி (2015)

disclaim                                             உரிமை கைவிடு, கோரமறு

                                                                        -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

ECCLESIASTIC 

(Skeat) ecclesiastic, belonging to the church. (L., —Gk.) Chaucer has ecclesiast, sb., C.T. 1710, 15335. Selden, on Drayton’s Polyolbion, s. I. and 8, has both ecclesiastic and ecclesiastical (R.) — Low Lat. ecclesiasticus — G.k. ἐκκλησιαστικόs, belonging to the ἐκκλησία, i.e. assembly, church. —Gk. ἔκκλητοs, summoned. ─Gk. ἐκκαλέω, I call forth, summon. —Gk. ἐκ, out; and καλέω, I call. See claim.  Der. ecclesiast-ic-al.

(Chambers) ecclesiastic adj of the church or clergy. 1483, in Caxton's Cato, possibly a shortening of earlier ecclesiastical (probably before 1425), or borrowed through Middle French ecclésiastique, and directly as a learned borrowing from Late Latin ecclēsiasticus, from Greek ekklēsiastikós of the ancient Athenian assembly, (later) of the church, from ekklēsiastḗs speaker in an assembly or church, preacher; for suffix see -ic. Greek ekklēsiastḗs, used in the Septuagint to render Hebrew qōhēleth (name of the Biblical book of Ecclesiastes), derives from ekklēsĺā assembly of citizens in ancient Athens, (later) church, from ekkaleîn call forth (ek- out of, forth, ex-² + kaleîn to call; see low², of cattle). -n. clergyman. 1651 (in Hobbes' Leviathan), from Late Latin ecclēsiasticus church officer, noun use of the adjective; replacing earlier ecclesiast, n. (1387- 95, in Chaucer's Prologue to the Canterbury Tales).

(Onions) ecclesiastic pert. to the Church xv; sb. clergyman xvii. -F. ecclésiastique or ChrL, ecclēsiasticus- Gr. ekklēsiastikós, f. ekklesiasḕs, in lxx. rendering Heb. qōheleth one who addresses a public assembly, in ancient Gr. member of the ecclesia or public assembly of citizens, f. ekklēsiázein hold or summon to an assembly, (eccl.) summon to church, f. ekklesiii assembly, (eccl.) church, f. ekklētós, pp. adj. of ekkaleîn, f. ek out, Ex- ²+kaleîn call, summon (cf. hale²). So ecclesia·stical. xv.

(American Heritage) ec·cle·si·as·tic adj. Abbr. eccl., eccles. Ecclesiastical. — n. Abbr. eccl., eccles. A minister or priest; a cleric. [Late Latin eccle$siasticus, from Greek ekkle$siastikos, from ekkle$siaste$s, a member of the ecclesia. See ecclesiastes.]

(OED) ecclesiastic

forms:  Middle English ecclesyastyke, 1500s–1600s ecclesiastique, 1600s ecclesiastick(e, ecclesiastik, 1600s– ecclesiastic.

origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek ἐκκλησιαστικός.

etymology: < (through French and Latin) Greek ἐκκλησιαστικός, ultimately < ἐκκλησία church.

1. adj. (Now rare; see ecclesiastical adj.)
2. a. Of or pertaining to the church; concerned with the affairs of the church; opposed to civil or secular.
3. Of language (esp. Greek or Latin), words, or senses of words: Characteristic of ecclesiastical writers; opposed to classical or secular. Obsolete.
4. Of persons: Belonging to the church viewed as consisting of the clergy; clerical (= older sense of spiritual) as opposed to lay. Also of attire, functions, etc.: Pertaining to the clergy.
5. n.
6. [See A. 2.] A clergyman, person in orders, a ‘churchman’ as distinguished from a ‘layman’. Apparently not before 17th cent., the earlier term being ‘spiritual man’. Chiefly technical and Historical.

†2. plural.

1. Matters ecclesiastical. Obsolete.
2. The science of church government. Obsolete. rare.

(Online Etymology) ecclesiastic (adj.) late 15c., from French ecclésiastique and directly from Medieval Latin ecclesiasticus, from Greek ekklesiastikos "of the (ancient Athenian) assembly," in late Greek, "of the church," from ekklesiastes "speaker in an assembly or church, preacher," from ekkalein "to call out," from ek "out" (see ex-) + kalein "to call" (from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout"). As a noun, "one holding an office in the Christian ministry," 1650s (the earlier noun was ecclesiast, late 14c.); the Latin word also was used as a noun in Late Latin.

Ecclesiastic -கலைச்சொற்கள்                     

ecclesiastic                                       மதக்குரவர் சார்ந்த   

ecclesiastical                                    திருக்கோயில் சார்ந்த          

                                                                        -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

ECLAIR 

(Chambers) éclair n. oblong pastry filled with cream or custard. 1861, borrowing of French éclair, literally, lightning, from Old French esclair, from esclairer to light up, make shine, from Gallo-Romance *exclāriāre, reformed from Latin exclārāre light up, illumine (ex-out + clārus clear).

(Onions) éclair finger-shaped cake of light pastry filled with cream and iced. xix. F. ('lightning'), f. éclairer :- Rom. *exclāriāre, f. ex Ex-¹+clārus clear.

(American Heritage) é·clair n. An elongated pastry filled with custard or whipped cream and usually iced with chocolate. [French, from Old French esclair, lightning, from esclairier, to light up, from Vulgar Latin *exclāriāre, from Latin exclārāre: ex-, intensive pref.; see EX- + clārus, clear; see kelә-² in Appendix.]

(OED) éclair

origin: A borrowing from French.

etymology: French, lit. lightning.

A small finger-shaped cake made of choux pastry, filled with any of various kinds of cream, and (in later use) typically topped with chocolate icing.

(Online Etymology) eclair (n.) Famously defined by The Chambers Dictionary as "a cake, long in shape but short in duration." Meaning "a small, oblong pastry with sweet filling and glazed or iced," 1861, from French éclair, literally "lightning," from Old French esclair "light, daylight, flash of light," verbal noun from esclairare "to light up, illuminate, make shine" (12c.), formerly esclairer, ultimately from Latin exclarare "light up, illumine," from ex "out" (see ex-) + clarus "clear" (see clear (adj.)).

eclair -கலைச்சொற்கள்                               

eclair                                                  குளிர் பாற்கட்டி நிரப்பிச் செய்யப்படும் சிறு விரல் வடிவப் பண்ணியம்   

                                                                        -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

EXCLAIM 

exclaim, to cry out. (F., ─L.) Both verb and sb. in Shak. All’s Well, i. 3. 123; Rich. II, i. 2. 2. = O.F. exclamer, ‘to ex-claime;’ Cot. —Lat. exclamare; from ex, out, and clamare, to cry aloud. See claim. Der. exclam-at-ion (O.F. exclamation, ‘an exclamation;’ Cot.); exclam-at-or-y.

(Chambers) exclaim v. 1570 exclame; probably, at least in part, a back formation from earlier exclamation; but traditionally analyzed as a borrowing from Middle French exclamer, learned borrowing from Latin, or borrowed directly from Latin exclāmāre cry out loud (ex- intensive + clāmāre cry out, call; see claim). The spelling exclame never gained acceptance (even Caxton in an early noun use writes exclaim, about 1489) and in spite of the French exclamer, the English spelling has been influenced by claim; so also acclaim, acclamation which follow the same pattern. -exclamation n. About 1384 exclamacioun, in the Wycliffe Bible; borrowed from Old French exclamation, learned borrowing from Latin exclāmātionem (nominative exclāmātiō), from exclāmātus (past participle of exclāmāre exclaim); for suffix see -ation. -exclamation mark or point 1824; earlier note of exclamation (1657). -exclamatory adj.  1593, formed from English exclamat(ion) + -ory, possibly modeled on Latin exclāmāt-, participle stem of exclāmāre + English suffix -ory.

(John Ayto) See Claim

(Onions) exclaim ėksklei·m cry out. xvi. - F. exclamer or L. exclamlāre; see ex-¹, claim. So exclamation xiv. - (O)F. or L. exclamatory ėksklæ·m-. xvi.

(American Heritage) ex·claim v. ex·claimed, ex·claim·ing, ex·claims. — v. intr. To cry out suddenly or vehemently, as from surprise or emotion: The children exclaimed with excitement. — v. tr. To express or utter (something) suddenly or vehemently: exclaimed her surprise. [French exclamer, from Latin exclāmāre : ex-, ex- + clāmāre, to call; see kelә-² in Appendix.]

(OED) exclaim

forms:  Also 1500s–1600s exclame, exclaime.

origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French exclamer.

etymology: < French exclamer, < Latin exclāmāre to call out, < ex- out + clāmāre to call, shout.

1. a. intransitive. To cry out suddenly and vehemently; to cry out from pain, anger, delight, surprise, etc. Rarely with out.
2. with quoted words, either in direct or indirect speech.
3. a. to exclaim against: to cry out loudly and suddenly against, accuse loudly, blame (persons, their actions and attributes); to make an outcry against, protest against, rail at (a thing). Also with indirect passive. archaic.
4. to exclaim at, on, upon: in same sense; also, (quots. 1589, 18231), to apostrophize. archaic.
5. to exclaim of: to complain loudly of.
6. transitive. To express by exclamation. With obj. compl. To proclaim loudly. Obsolete. rare.

(Online Etymology) exclaim (v.) "to cry out, speak with vehemence, make a loud outcry in words," 1560s, a back-formation from exclamation or else from French exclamer (16c.), from Latin exclamare "cry out loud, call out," from ex "out," perhaps here an intensive prefix (see ex-), + clamare "cry, shout, call" (from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout"). Spelling influenced by claim. Related: Exclaimed; exclaiming.

Exclaim -கலைச்சொற்கள்                          

exclamation                                       வியப்பு          

exclamation mark                             வியப்புக்குறி