தருநர் அகராதி

(R. L Turner)

54. s^astra

 ŚAS 'cut': śástr̥-, śastrá-, śasya-; víśasti.

12366 śástr̥ m. 'one who cuts up' AV. [√śas]
H. sathiyā m. 'surgeon, oculist'.

12367 śastrá n. 'instrument for cutting' ŚBr., 'iron' lex., śastraka- n. 'knife, iron' lex., śastrī́- f. 'knife, dagger' Bhartr̥., °rikā- f. Daś. [√śas]
Pa. sattha-, °aka- n. 'knife'; Pk. sattha- n. 'dagger', °thiā- f. 'knife'; Gy. gr. šastír, sastér m., germ. sastər, rum. sáster 'iron'; Paš. (< śastrī́-) ar. šeitr 'knife', weg. sēλ, dar. šēl, lagh. λeṣṭ, kuṛ. leiš (< *straṣṭrī < *straśtrī < *śtrastrī); K.kash. śēthar 'iron', pog. śāhtar; P. satthrā m. 'adze'; Si. sat-a, sät-a 'weapon, instrument'.

12368 śasya 'to be slaughtered' Vop. [√śas]
P. sassā m., °sī f. 'lamb'?

11934 víśasti (3 pl. víśasanti ŚBr.) 'cuts up' RV. [√śas]
Pk. visasēi 'kills', pp. visasiya-; H. poet. bisasnā 'to cut the body, scrape, hurt, kill'.

பாலி அகராதி

(Pali)

54. sastra

Sattha¹ (nt.) [cp. Vedic śastra, fr. śas to cut] a weapon, sword, knife; coll. "arms" D i.4, 56; Sn 309, 819 (expl^d as 3: kāya°, vacī°, mano°, referring to A iv.42, at Nd¹ 151); J i.72, 504; Pv iii.10²; SnA 458 (°mukhena); PvA 253. Often in combⁿ daṇḍa+sattha (cp. daṇḍa 4), coll. For "arms," Vin i.349; D i.63; A iv.249; Nd² 576. — satthaṁ āharati to stab oneself S i.121; iii.123; iv.57 sq. -kamma application of the knife, incision, operation Vin i.205; SnA 100.  kāraka an assassin Vin iii.73. -vaṇijjā trade in arms A iii.208. -hāraka an assassin Vin iii.73; S iv.62.

Satthaka¹ (nt.) [fr. sattha¹] a knife, scissors Vin ii.115 (daṇḍa°, with a handle); J v.254 (as one of the 8 parikkhāras); Miln 282. aya° at J v.338 read °paṭṭaka.  nisādana [cp. Sk. niśātana] knife — sharpening DhA i.308, cp. Miln 282 °nisāna [=Sk. niśāna]. -vāta a cutting pain A i.101=307; J iii.445.

சிங்களம்

55. ṡas

Sata, s. seven; umbrella, from chhatra; weapon, instrument, tool: see ṣastra.

Sẹt, s. weapon, from ṡastra; knowledge, science, etc.: see ṣástra: pl. of sẹda.

Sẹta, s. weapon, Elu form of ṡastra.

Ṣastra, s. weapon; iron, steel.

Ṣastri, s. (ṣastra and iaff.) knife, [Colloq. píhaya]

மேலை இந்தோ-ஐரோப்பியத்தில் தமிழின் ’கயம்’

                                           கயம் - Casino, Castle

CASINO

(Skeat) casino, a house or room for dancing. (Ital., —L.) | Modern. = Ital. casino, a summer-house, small country-box; dimin. of casa, a house. Lat. casa, a cottage. —√SKAD, to cover, defend; Curtius, i. 206; cf. Fick, i. 806.

(Chambers) casino n. 1744, in letters of Walpole, building or room for dancing, etc.; borrowed from Italian casino, diminutive of casa house, from Latin casa hut, cabin, of uncertain origin.

The sense "building used for gambling" is first recorded in English in 1851.

(Onions) casino public room for social meetings. xviii (Mrs. Piozzi). - It. casino, dim. of casa house :- L. casa cottage (prob. f. base *'kat- cover, protect, as in cassis helmet, castrum fort).

(American Heritage) ca·si·no n. pl. ca·si·nos. 1. A public room or building for gambling and other entertainment. 2. Also cas·si·no. Games. A card game for two to four players in which cards on the table are matched by cards in the hand. 3. A summer or country house in Italy. [Italian, diminutive of casa, house, from Latin casa.]

(OED) casino

etymology: < Italian casino small house, diminutive of casa house < Latin casa cottage.

1. A pleasure-house, a summer-house (in Italy).
2. 2. A public room used for social meetings; a clubhouse; esp. a public music or dancing saloon.
3. A game of cards: see cassino n.
4. A building for gambling, often with other amenities. (Now the usual sense.)

(Online Etymology) casino (n.) 1744, "public room for music or dancing," from Italian casino, literally "a little house," diminutive of casa "house," from Latin casa "hut, cottage, cabin," which is of uncertain origin. The card game (also cassino) is attested by that name from 1792. Specifically as "building for aristocratic gambling" by 1820, first in an Italian context.

casino -கலைச்சொற்கள்               

casino - பொது ஆடலரங்கு

casino - சீட்டாட்ட வகை

casino - ஆடவை

casi`no - பொதுக் கேளிக்கைக் கூடம் -

CASABLANCA

(American Heritage) Cas·a·blan·ca A city of northwest Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean south-southwest of Tangier. Founded by the Portuguese in the 16th century, it became a center of French influence in Africa after 1907. It is now Morocco’s largest city. Population, 2,139,204.

(Online Etymology) Casablanca  city in Morocco, Spanish, literally "white house;" the first element is from Latin casa "hut, cottage, cabin" (see casino), the second is from Germanic (see blank (adj.)).

CHASUBLE

(Skeat) chasuble, an upper priestly vestment. (F., —L.) M.E. chesible, P. Plowman, B. vi. 12. —F. chasuble, which Cotgrave explains as ‘achasuble.’ The M. E. chesible points to an O. F. chasible.] -Low Lat. casubla, casubula, Ducange; also casibula (Brachet); dimin. forms of Low Lat. casula, used by Isidore of Seville to mean ‘a mantle,’ and explained by Ducange to mean ‘a chasuble.’ The Lat. casula means properly a little cottage or house; being a dimin. of casa, a house, cottage. The word cassock was formed in much the same way. See cassock.

(Chambers) chasuble n. sleeveless outer vestment worn by the priest at mass. 1611, in Cotgrave's Dictionary, borrowed from Old French chasuble, from Late Latin casubla, an unaccounted alteration of Latin casula, literally, little house, diminutive of casa cottage, hut, of uncertain origin.

The form chasuble replaced the earlier chesible, (about 1300), borrowed through Anglo-French, Old French chesible, from Medieval Latin cassibula.

(Onions) chasuble (eccl.) sleeveless vestment with a hole to put the head through. xiii. ME. chesible- OF. chesible (cf. AL. cassibula xiii); vars. of this were in use till xvi; from xvii superseded by chasuble - (O)F. chasuble :-late L. casubla, obscure alteration of L. casula little cottage, hut, hooded cloak (Isidore, Augustine), dim. Of casa house.

(American Heritage) chas·u·ble n. A long, sleeveless vestment worn over the alb by a priest during services. [French, from Old French, from Late Latin casubla, hooded garment, from *casupula, diminutive of casa, house.]

(OED) chasuble

forms:  Middle English-1500s chesible; also Middle English cheseble, cheisible, Middle English chesyble, Middle English chesibil, checiple, chesiple, chesypyl, chesypylle, Middle English-1500s chesybyll, 1500s chisible; Middle English chesabyll, chesapyll, 1500s chesable, chesabell; Middle English chesuble, chezuble, 1500s cheasuble, 1600s- chasuble.

etymology: Middle English chesible was < Old French chesible (compare medieval Latin cassibula); the current form, which has taken its place since 1700, corresponds to modern French chasuble (casuble 13th cent. in Littré), and to the medieval Latin casubula (cassubula, casubla, etc.); these go back respectively to late Latin types *casipula, *casupula (in Italian casipola and casupola little house, poor cottage, cot, hut), popular forms used instead of the literary Latin casula, diminutive of casa ‘cottage, house’; meaning originally ‘little house, cot’, but also, already in Augustine (c400), the ordinary name of an outer garment, a large round sleeveless cloak with a hood, according to Isidore ( xix. xxi. 17) ‘vestis cucullata, dicta per diminutionem a casa, quod totum hominem tegat, quasi minor casa’.

1. An ecclesiastical vestment, a kind of sleeveless mantle covering the body and shoulders, worn over the alb and stole by the celebrant at Mass or the Eucharist.

†2. Used to designate other sacerdotal garments, e.g. the Jewish ephod. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) chasuble (n.) sleeveless ecclesiastical vestment, c. 1300, cheisible, from Old French chesible (12c., Modern French chasuble), from Medieval Latin casubla, from Late Latin *casubula, an unexplained alteration of Latin casula "a little hut," diminutive of casa "cottage, house" (see casino). The Latin word was used by c. 400 in a transferred sense of "outer garment" because hooded garments resembled or suggested little houses. The English form of the word was conformed to French from c. 1600.

chasuble -கலைச்சொற்கள்

chasuble - கடையணு வழிபாட்டின் போது கிறித்தவக் குருமார் அணியும் கையற்ற புற ஆடைவகை.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

CHEZ

(Chambers) chez prep. at the house (or home) of. 1740, as a French word introduced into English correspondence. The French chez developed from Old French, unstressed form of chies, from Latin casa cottage, hut, probably dialectal, from earlier *katjā wickerwork, from Indo-European *kat- twist together by plaiting (Pok.534).

(American Heritage) chez prep. At the home of; at or by. [French, from Old French, from Latin casa, cottage, hut.]

(OED) chez

etymology: French, < Old French chiese, Latin casa house.

Used with (French) personal pronoun or proper name: at the house or home of.

(Online Etymology) chez (prep.) used with French personal names, meaning "house of _____," 1740, from French chez "at the house of," from Old French chiese "house" (12c.), from Latin casa "house" (see casino).

 *kes-

Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to cut."

It forms all or part of: caret; cashier (v.) "dismiss;" cassation; caste; castellan; castellated; Castile; castle; castigate; castrate; castration; chaste; chastity; chateau; chatelaine; Chester; forecastle; incest; quash (v.) "make void, annul."

CARET

(Chambers) caret n. mark (A) to show where something should be put in. 1681, borrowed from Latin caret there is lacking, 3rd person singular present indicative of carēre to be without, lack; related to castrāre castrate.

(Onions) caret mark indicating omission. xvii. L., 3rd sg. pres. ind. of carēre be without, taken to mean 'is lacking'.

(American Heritage) car·et n. A proofreading symbol (^) used to indicate where something is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter. [Latin, there is lacking, third person sing. present tense of care$re, to lack. See kes- in Appendix.]

(OED) caret

etymology: < Latin caret (there) is wanting, < carēre to be in want of.

A mark (‸) placed in writing below the line, to indicate that something (written above or in the margin) has been omitted in that place.

(Online Etymology) caret (n.) "mark in correcting printers' proofs to show where something is to be inserted," 1680s, from Latin caret "there is lacking," third person singular indicative of carere "to lack, to want" (from suffixed form of PIE root *kes- "to cut").

caret -கலைச்சொற்கள்

caret - இடையெச்சக்குறி

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

caret - முகடு

 கணிப்பொறிக் கலைச்சொல் அகராதி - (1998)

caret - விடுபடல் சுட்டுக்குறி (^) -

 கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

CASHIER

(Skeat) cashier, v. to dismiss from service. (G., —F., -L.) [Quite unconnected with cashier, sb., which is simply formed from cash.] In Shak. Merry Wives, i. 3. 6. A. Originally written cash. ‘He cashed the old souldiers and supplied their roumes with yong beginners;’ Golding, Justine, fol. 63 (R.) And the pp. cashed, for cashiered, occurs in a Letter of The Earl of Leicester, dated 1585; Νares, ed. Wright and Halliwell. Also spelt cass, ‘But when the Lacedæ -monians saw their armies cassed;’ North’s Plutarch, 180 E; quoted in Nares, s.v. casse, q. v. —F. casser, ‘to breake, burst, ... quash asunder, also to casse, casseere, discharge;’ Cot. —Lat. cassare, to bring to nothing, to annul, discharge; used by Sidonius and C-Skeat assiodorus. Lat. cassus, empty, void; of uncertain origin. [Brachet derives the F. casser from Lat. guassare, to break in pieces, shatter; but this only applies to casser in the sense ‘to break;’ casser in the sense ‘to discharge’ is really of different origin, though no doubt the distinction between the two verbs has long been lost.] B. The above etymology strictly applies only to the old form cask. But it is easy to explain the suffix. The form casseere has been already quoted from Cotgrave; this is really the High-German form of the word, viz. G, cassiren, to cashier, destroy, annihilate, annul; cf. Du. casseren, to cast off, break, discard. This G. cass-iren is nothing but the F. casser with the common G. suffix -iren, used in forming G. verbs from Romance ones; ex. isoliren, to isolate, from F. isoler. Hence we have cashier from G. cassiren, which from F. casser, Lat. cassare.

(Chambers) cashier¹ n. person in charge of money in a bank or business. 1596, in writings of Thomas Nashe, borrowed from Middle French caissier treasurer, from caisse money box; see cash; for suffix see -ier.

cashier² v. dismiss from service, especially in disgrace. 1592, casseere, in Robert Greene's Groatsworth of Wit, borrowed from Middle Dutch casseren, to cast off, discharge, from French casser to discharge, annul, from Late Latin cassāre annul, from Latin cassus void, empty; see quash² annul. The OED suggests that cashier came into English from Dutch because of the contact of British soldiers with the Dutch during the campaign in the Netherlands in 1585.

(Onions) cashier¹ one who pays out and receives money. xvi (Nashe). - Du. cassier, or its source, F. caissier, f. caisse cash¹; see -ier.

cashier² disband (troops); dismiss from office. xvi. Early fonns casseer, casseir, -ier- early Flem. kasseren disband (soldiers), revoke (a will)- F. casser break, dismiss, rescind = It. cassare cancel :- L. quassāre quash. Its currency was prob. orig. due to the Netherlands campaign of 1585.

(American Heritage) cash·ier¹ n. 1. The officer of a bank or business concern in charge of paying and receiving money. 2. A store employee who handles cash transactions with customers. [Dutch cassier, or French caissier both from caisse, money box, from Old Provencal caisa, from Vulgar Latin *capsea, from Latin capsa, case.]

(OED) cashier

forms:  1500s casseir, 1500s-1600s casseer(e, casheer(e, cashiere, 1600s cassir, cassier(e, cassere, caszier, casier, cachier, cashieere, casher(e, 1600s-1700s cashire, casheir(e, 1500s- cashier.

etymology: 16th cent. < Flemish or Dutch casser-en, in same sense: Kilian has kasseren de krieghslieden, exauctorare milites, to disband soldiers, and kasseren een testament, rescindere testamentum, to rescind a will; compare German kassiren; and, for the sense, cass v., cash v.¹

1. 1. transitive. To dismiss from service or fellowship.

†a. Military. To discharge, break up, disband (troops).

1. generally. Obsolete (except as in 2b).
2. To dismiss from a position of command or authority; to depose. (In the army and navy involving disgrace and permanent exclusion from the service.)
3. Military.
4. transferred and figurative.
5. To discard, get rid of, cast off, put away, lay aside, dismiss, banish (a thing).

†4. To make void, annul, do away with. Obsolete.

5. a. To deprive of. (rare.)
6. ‘In the slang of Bardolph it seems to mean: to ease a person of his cash’ (Schmidt).

(Online Etymology) cashier (v.) "dismiss from an office or place of trust," 1590s, from Middle Dutch casseren, kaseeren "to cast off, discharge," from French casser "to discharge, annul," from Late Latin cassare "annul," from Latin cassus "void, empty" (from extended form of PIE root *kes- "to cut"). Related: Cashiered; cashiering.

cashier -கலைச்சொற்கள்

cashier - காசாளர்; cashier-in-charge - பொறுப்புக் காசாளர்; cashierment - பணிநீக்கம்; chief cashier - தலைமைக் காசாளர்; clerk-cum-cashier - எழுத்தர்காசாளர்.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

cashier - காசுக்கணக்கர்

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

paying cashier - பணம் தரும் காசாளர்; cashier, receiving - தொகைபெறும் காசாளர்; account, head cashier’s security - தலைமைக் காசாளர் இடர் காப்புறுதிக் கணக்கு.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

cashier - பணம் ரொக்கம்; cashier - பணிநீக்கம் செய்.

வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

CASSATION

(Onions) cassation annulment. xv. - (O)F. cassation, f. casser quash; see -ation.

(American Heritage) cas·sa·tion n. Abrogation or annulment by a higher authority. [Middle English cassatioun, from Old French cassation, from Late Latin cassa$tio$, cassa$tio$n-, from cassa$tus, past participle of cassa$re, to annul. See quash¹.]

(OED) Cassation

etymology: < late Latin cassātiōn-em, noun of action < cassāre; see cass v. So in French.

1. The action of making null or void; cancellation, abrogation.

†2. Dismissal of a soldier; cashiering. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) cassation (n.) "anullment, act of cancelling," early 15c., from Old French cassation, from casser, from Late Latin cassare, from Latin quassare "annul, quash" (see quash).

cassation -கலைச்சொற்கள்

cassation - துடைத்தழிப்பு, ஒழிப்பு.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

cassation - முறைமன்றத் தீர்ப்பு நீக்கம்.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

CASTE

(Skeat) caste, a breed, race. (Port., —L.) Sir Τὶ Herbert, speaking of men of various occupations in India, says: ‘These never marry out of their own casts;’ Travels, ed. 1665, p. 53. ‘Four casts or sorts of men;’ Lord’s Discovery of the Banians [of India], 1630, p. 3 (Todd). Properly used only in speaking of classes of men in India, -Port. casta, a race, stock; a name given by the Portuguese to classes of men in India, -Port. casta, adj. fem., chaste, pure, in allusion to purity of breed; from masc. casto, — Lat. castus, chaste, See chaste.

(Chambers) caste n. hereditary social class, as among the Hindus. 1555, race, breed, lineage, borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese casta (earlier casta raça unmixed race) originally feminine of casto chaste, from Latin castus pure, related to castrāre to cut off, castrate. See the doublet chaste.

In 1613 Purchas, in his Pilgrimage, introduced the word in the sense of one of the hereditary classes in India.

(John Ayto) caste [16] Caste has no etymological connection with cast. It is borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese casta ‘race, breed’, a nominal use of the adjective casta ‘pure’, from Latin castus (source of English chaste). The notion underlying the word thus appears to be ‘racial purity’. Use of casta by the Portuguese in India with reference to the Hindu social groupings led to its being adopted in this sense by English in the 17th century. ® chaste, incest

(Onions) caste race, stock xvi; hereditary class in Indian society xvii (cast; the present sp., modelled on F., is rare before r8oo). - Sp., (and particularly in its Indian application) Pg. casta, sb. use (sc. raza, raça race) of fern. of casto pure, unmixed (see chaste). Formerly identified with cast sb. in the sense 'stamp, type, sort'.

(American Heritage) caste n. 1. a. Any of four classes, comprising numerous subclasses, constituting Hindu society. b. Any of numerous hereditary, endogamous social subclasses stratified according to Hindu ritual purity. 2. A social class separated from others by distinctions of hereditary rank, profession, or wealth. 3. a. A social system or the principle of grading society based on castes. b. The social position or status conferred by a system based on castes: lose caste by doing work beneath one’s station. 4. A specialized level in a colony of social insects, such as ants, in which the members, such as workers or soldiers, carry out a specific function. [Spanish casta, race, and Portuguese casta, race, caste, both from feminine of casto, pure from Latin castus. See kes- in Appendix.]

(OED) Caste

forms:  1500s-1800s cast, 1500s 1700s- caste.

origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from Portuguese.

etymons: Spanish casta, Portuguese casta.

etymology: Partly (i) (originally) < Spanish casta breed or species of animal (15th cent.), class of people, lineage (c1500; in the former Spanish territories of the Americas also with specific reference to ethnic origin: 1748 in the passage translated in quot. 1758 at sense 5), and partly (ii) (in sense 2) < its cognate Portuguese casta class of people in India (1516; 15th cent. in sense ‘breed or species of animal’), both of uncertain origin, probably either (a) respectively < Spanish casta , feminine of casto pure, chaste, and its Portuguese cognate, < classical Latin castus (feminine casta ) pure, unpolluted (see chaste adj.; if so, apparently with associations of an unmixed lineage), or (b) < an unattested (probably Gothic) reflex of the Germanic base of Old Icelandic kǫstr pile, heap (see cast v.), via an assumed sense ‘group of animals’ (compare the semantic development of cast n. 14). Compare cast n. 40, from which early uses (especially in form cast) are sometimes difficult to distinguish. With sense 5 compare casta n.

†1. A group or class of people regarded as having properties or attributes in common; esp. a group considered as having a common origin or comprising a nation, community, ethnic group, etc.; a people. Obsolete.

2. a. Any of the (usually hereditary) classes or social ranks into which Hindu society is traditionally divided; a class of this sort forming part of a hierarchical social structure traditional in some parts of South Asia; (sometimes) spec. any of the four classes of the varna system (cf. varna n.).
3. A person's rank or position as defined by membership of a caste (sense 2a); hierarchical ranking of this sort operating as a social institution or system.
4. a. A breed or variety of (domesticated) animal, esp. regarded in terms of superiority or inferiority to others.
5. Zoology. Each of several classes or types of individual present in the communities of animals with a highly developed social (eusocial) organization, such as ants, termites, or certain mole-rats, being characterized by their behaviour and their role in reproduction, and often morphologically distinct.
6. In extended use.
7. A distinct class or rank in any society, esp. one characterized by hereditary exclusivity. More generally: any group of people considered as forming a socially or economically distinct, exclusive, or restricted unit.
8. Status, position, or rank within a community or social hierarchy; (also) a hierarchical system of social organization based on this.
9. In contexts relating to Spanish territories in the Americas in the 18th and early 19th centuries: any of several groups or classes of people distinguished chiefly on the basis of racial heritage or descent; (occasionally) a person of mixed heritage belonging to such a group. Now historical.

(Online Etymology) caste (n.) 1610s, "one of the hereditary social groups of India," from Portuguese casta "breed, race, caste," earlier casta raça, "unmixed race," from Latin castus "cut off, separated" (also "pure," via notion of "cut off" from faults), past participle of carere "to be cut off from," from PIE *kas-to-, from root *kes- "to cut." Caste system is recorded from 1840. An earlier, now-obsolete sense of caste in English is "a race of men" (1550s), from Latin castus "chaste."

caste -கலைச்சொற்கள்

dominant caste - மேலாண்மையச் சாதி; caste - இனப்பிரிவு; caste - சாதி; caste apartheid - சாதி-ஒதுக்கம்; caste based society - சாதியடிப்படைக் குமுகம்; caste bilingualism - சாதி-இருமொழிவழக்கு; caste dialect - வகுப்பு-வழக்கு; caste dialect - சாதிக்கிளைமொழி; caste disabilities - சாதிக்குறைபாடுகள், சாதித்தடைகள்; caste disabilities removal act - சாதியேலாமைகள் நீக்கச்சட்டம்; caste functions - சாதிச் செயற்பாடுகள்; caste organisation - சாதி அமைப்பகம்; caste patriotism - சாதிப்பற்று; caste prejudice - சாதிச் சார்பெண்ணம்; caste status - சாதித் தகுதி; caste system - சாதியமைப்பு முறை; caste theory - சாதிக் கொள்கை.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

outcaste - சதிநீக்கம்செய்; outcaste - இழிசினர், கீழோர்; half-caste - ஐரோப்பிய-ஆசிய கலப்பு இனப் பெற்றோர்க்குப் பிறந்தவர்.

 ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

caste certificate - சாதிச் சான்றிதழ்; excommunication from caste சாதியிலிருந்து விலக்குதல்; inter-caste marriage - சாதியிடைத் திருமணம்; scheduled caste/tribe - பட்டியல் சாதியினர்கள்/ பழங்குடிகள்; caste association - சாதிச் சங்கம்; dominant caste - மேலோச்சு சாதி; caste composition - சாதிக்கோவை; caste status - சாதித்தகுதி, சாதிசார் நிலை; caste theory - சாதிக் கோட்பாடு; caste dialect - சாதிக் கிளைமொழி; caste leaders - சாதிசார் தலைவர்கள்; caste consciousness - சாதி உணர்வு; caste council leaders - சாதி மன்றத் தலைவர்கள்; caste prejudice - சாதி சார்பெண்ணம்; caste society - சாதியுள்ள சமுதாயம்; caste status - சாதி நிலை; caste tulle - செயற்கைப் பட்டு; backward caste workers - பிற்பட்ட சமூகப் பணியாளர்; upper caste - மேல்சாதி, உயர்சாதி; scheduled caste - பட்டியல் வகுப்பு; rural caste system - ஊரகச் சாதி அமைப்பு.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி, தொகுதி 10

caste - குலம்.

சட்டச் சொல்லகராதி - (2007)

sub-caste - உட்சாதி; definable caste - தொழில் வழி சாதி.

மொழியியல் கலைச்சொல்லகராதி - (1980)

CASTELLAN

(American Heritage) cas·tel·lan n. The keeper or governor of a castle. [Middle English castelain, from Norman French, from Medieval Latin castella$nus, from Latin, of a fortress, from castellum, stronghold. See castle.]

(OED) Castellan

forms:  Middle English castelleyn, castellin, castellion, Middle English-1600s castellaine, Middle English-1600s castelane, 1600s, 1800s castellane, castelyn, castelain, castelan, 1600s- castellan. See also chatelain n.

etymology: Middle English castelain < Old Northern French castelain (modern French châtelain = Provençal castelan, Spanish castellan, Italian castellano) < Latin castellanus, < castellum castle, the current form is refashioned after Latin or Spanish.

The governor or constable of a castle

(Online Etymology) castellan (n.) also castellain, "a governor of a castle," late 14c., from Old North French castelain, Old French chastelain "owner and lord of a castle, nobleman; keeper of a castle" (Modern French châtelaine), from chastel "castle," from Latin castellum "castle" (see castle (n.)). Related: Castellany "jurisdiction of a castellan."

castellan -கலைச்சொற்கள்

castellan - அரண்மாளிகைத் தலைவர்.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

CASTELLATED

(Chambers) castellated adj. 1679, formed in English after Medieval Latin castellatus, past participle of castellare to fortify as a castle with turrets and battlements (from Latin castellum castle) + English past participial suffix -ed².

(Onions) castellated built like a castle, as with battlements xvii; furnished with castles xix. f. medL. castellātus, f. L. castellum castle; see -ate², -ed. So castellA·tion. xix. - medL.

(American Heritage) cas·tel·lat·ed adj. 1. Furnished with turrets and battlements in the style of a castle. 2. Having a castle. [Medieval Latin castella$tus, past participle of castella$re, to fortify as a castle, from Latin castellum, fort. See castle.]

(OED) Castellated

etymology: < medieval Latin castellātus (see castellate adj.) + -ed suffix¹. (Earlier than the verb.)

1. a. Built like a castle; having battlements.
2. transferred. Formed like a castle, castle-like.
3. transferred. Of a nut or disc: having grooves or recesses on its upper face.

†2. ‘Inclosed within a building, as a fountain or cistern.’ Obsolete [cf. Latin castellum reservoir for water.]

3. Furnished or dotted with castles, ‘castled’.
4. Lodged or ensconced in a castle. rare.

(Online Etymology) castellated (adj.) "furnished with turrets and battlements," 1670s, from Medieval Latin castellatus "built like a castle," past participle of castellare "to fortify as a castle, build as a castle, furnish with turrets and battlements," from Latin castellum "castle, fort, citadel, stronghold" (see castle (n.)). Related: Castellation.

castellated -கலைச்சொற்கள்

castellated nut - கோட்டை மரை.

அறிவியல் கலைச்சொல்லகராதி

castellated - அரண்மாளிகைபோல் கோட்டை கொத்தளக் கூடகோபுரங்களையுடைய.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

castellated nut - அடுக்கு மரை.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி, தொகுதி

CASTILE

(American Heritage) Cas·tile A region and former kingdom of central and northern Spain. Autonomous from the tenth century, it joined with Aragon after the marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand in 1479, thus forming the nucleus of modern Spain.

(Online Etymology) Castile  medieval Spanish county and later kingdom, from Vulgar Latin *castilla, from Latin castella, plural of castellum "castle, fort, citadel, stronghold" (see castle (n.)); so called in reference to the many fortified places there during the Moorish wars. The name in Spanish is said to date back to c.800. Related: Castilian. As a fine kind of soap, in English from 1610s.

castile -கலைச்சொற்கள்

castile - ஸ்பெயின் நாட்டின் ஒரு பகுதி.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

castile soap - முரட்டு வெண்சவர்க்காரம்.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி, தொகுதி

CASTLE

(Skeat) castle, a fortified house. (L.) In very early use. A.S, castel, used to represent Lat. castellum in Matt. xxi. 2. —Lat. castellum, dimin, of castrum, a camp, fortified place. √SKAD, to protect; a secondary root from √SKA, to cover; whence also E. shade, shadow; see curtius, i. 206. See shade. Der. castell-at-ed, castell-an.

(Chambers) castle n. Old English castel (about 1000) in early Gospels, first borrowed from Latin castellum fortified village, and later, as a reborrowing from Old North French castel fortress, castle, from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum fort (plural castra camp, encampment), related to Latin castrāre cut off, castrate. See the doublet chateau.

(John Ayto) castle [11] Castle was one of the first words borrowed by the English from their Norman conquerors: it is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon chronicle only nine years after the battle of Hastings. It comes via Anglo-Norman castel from Latin castellum, a diminutive form of castrum ‘fort’ (which was acquired by Old English as ceaster, and now appears in English place-names as -caster or -chester). The Old French version of castel, chastel, produced modern French château, and also its derivative châtelaine, borrowed into English in the 19^th century. ® château

(Onions) castle large fortified dwelling; (hence) large mansion of the feudal type xi; tower borne on an elephant's back; tower on the deck of a ship xiv. -AN., ONF. castel, var. of chastel (mod. château) = Pr. castel, Sp. castillo, It. castello :- L. castellum, dim. of castrum entrenchment, fortified place, fort. In late OE. and ME. biblical use caste[ appears as - L. castellum in the sense 'village' (Gr. kṓmē) and as tr. of L. castra camp. (L. castrum is the source of OE. cæster, ćeaster, repr. by -caster, -chester, etc. in place-names, and Caister, Caistor.) As a name of the rook in chess (xvii, Drummond of Hawthornden), after F. tour tower, it is based ult. on Vida's poem 'Scacchia Ludus' (xvi).

(American Heritage) cas·tle n. 1. a. A large fortified building or group of buildings with thick walls, usually dominating the surrounding country. b. A fortified stronghold converted to residential use. c. A large, ornate building similar to or resembling a fortified stronghold. 2. A place of privacy, security, or refuge. 3. Games. See rook². — v. cas·tled, cas·tling, cas·tles. — v. intr. Games. To move the king in chess from its own square two empty squares to one side and then, in the same move, bring the rook from that side to the square immediately past the new position of the king. — v. tr. 1. To place in or as if in a castle. 2. Games. To move (the king in chess) by castling. [Middle English castel, from Old English, and from Norman French both from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum. See kes- in Appendix.]

(OED) Castle

forms:  Old English-1500s castel, (Middle English castill, caastel, kastell, castele, Middle English castelle), Middle English-1600s castell, (Middle English castylle, castille, caystelle), 1500s- castle.

etymology: Taken into English at two different times: (1) before 1000, castel neuter (plural castel(l , castelu), < Latin castellum in the Vulgate, rendering κώμη ‘village’ of the Greek; (2) c1050-1070castel (masculine) (plural castelas) < Old Northern French castel (modern French château) ‘castle’ < Latin castellum in sense ‘fort, fortress’. (Under the influence of this, castel village also became masculine by 12th cent.) Latin castellum was diminutive of castrum fort; for the later sense ‘village’ Du Cange quotes an ancient glossary ‘Castellum, municipium, κώμη’; compare the later use of castrum, castra for ‘town’: compare chester n.¹

1. From Latin.

†1. Used to render Latin castellum of the Vulgate (Greek κώμη), village. Obsolete.

†2. plural. Used to render Latin castra camp. Obsolete.

1. From French.
2. a. A large building or set of buildings fortified for defence against an enemy; a fortress, stronghold. Retained as a name for large mansions or country houses, which were formerly feudal castles, but not, like French château, transferred to this sense.
3. A model or similitude of a castle, made in any material; a castle-like pile of anything. (Applied by boys to four cherry-stones placed like a pyramid.)
4. Loosely applied to a large building.
5. the Castle, in reference to Ireland, means specifically Dublin Castle, as the seat of the vice-regal court and administration; hence, in politics, the authority centred at Dublin Castle, the officials who administer the government of Ireland. Also attributive as in Castle influence, Castle government, etc. So also Castleism, the officialism of Dublin Castle.
6. Phrase. an (English)man's house (is) his castle.
7. ‘The principal village of an Indian tribe. New York State’ (Webster).
8. built like a castle: said of a horse having a strong and sturdy frame.
9. A heap of brushwood or sticks under which rabbits hide when being hunted.
10. Cricket. The wicket a batter defends.
11. figurative (or allegorical). ‘Stronghold, fortress’.
12. poetic or rhetorical for: A large ship (esp. of war); usually with some attribute.
13. a. A small wooden tower used for defence in warfare; a tower borne on the back of an elephant.
14. A tower in general.
15. Nautical. A tower or elevated structure on the deck of a ship. Cf. forecastle n. Obsolete.
16. Applied (in proper names) to ancient British or Roman earthworks, as Abbotsbury Castle between Weymouth and Bridport, Maiden Castle at Dorchester, Round Castle near Oxford, Yarnbury Castle, etc.
17. Chess. One of the pieces, made to represent a castle; also called a rook n.²

†10. ‘A kind of close helmet’ (Nares): but perhaps only a figurative use. Obsolete.

11. 11. castle in the air n. visionary project or scheme, day-dream, idle fancy; to form castles in the air: to form unsubstantial or visionary projects. Common since 1575, varied occasionally with castle in the skies, and the like; castle in Spain [= French château en Espagne] is found 1400-1600, and occasionally as a Gallicism in modern writers. Castle alone is also used where the allusion is obvious: cf. castle-builder n., castle-building n. and adj. at castle-builder n. Derivatives.

(Online Etymology) castle (n.) late Old English castel "village" (this sense from a biblical usage in Vulgar Latin); later "large building or series of connected buildings fortified for defense, fortress, stronghold" (late Old English), in this sense from Old North French castel (Old French chastel, 12c.; Modern French château), from Latin castellum "a castle, fort, citadel, stronghold; fortified village," diminutive of castrum "fort," from Proto-Italic *kastro- "part, share;" cognate with Old Irish cather, Welsh caer "town" (probably related to castrare via notion of "cut off," from PIE root *kes- "to cut"). In early bibles, castle was used to translate Greek kome "village."

castle -கலைச்சொற்கள்

castle - காவற்கோட்டை; castle-builder - மனக்கோட்டை கட்டுநர்; castle-guard - கோட்டைக் காவலர்; castle nut - கோட்டைச் சுரை.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

castle - காப்பரண் மாளிகை, காப்பரண், காவற்கோட்டை; castle-builder - பகற்கனவாளர்; castle-nut - பொட்டுமரை.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

castle - கோட்டைவீடு.

ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி - (2015)

castle – கோட்டை; castle nut - கோட்டை மரைவில்லை; castle - சீனப் பட்டு.

 கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி, தொகுதி

castle – அரண்மனை.

வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

CASTIGATE

(Skeat) castigate, to chastise, chasten. (L.) In Shak. Timon, iv. 3. 240. — Lat. castigatus, pp. of castigare, to chasten. The lit. sense is ‘to keep chaste’ or ‘keep pure.’ -Lat. castus, chaste, pure. See chaste. Der. castigat-ion, castigat-or. Doublet, chasten.

(Chambers) castigate v. criticize severely, punish. 1607, in Shakespeare's Timon of Athens, probably borrowed from Latin castīgātus, past participle of castīgāre to correct, chastise, formed (perhaps by influence from fatīgāre to weary), from castus pure, chaste, for suffix see -ate¹. Doublet of chasten. It is also possible that castigate is a back formation from earlier English castigation n. punishment. About 1390 castigacioun, in Chaucer's writings, borrowed from Latin castīgātiōnem (nominative castīgātiō), from castīgāre to chastise; for suffix see -tion.

(Onions) castigate correct by punishment or discipline. xvii (Sh.). f. pp. stem of L. castīgāre correct, reprove, chastise, f. castus pure, chaste; see -atej. So castiga'tion. xiv (Ch.). - L.

(American Heritage) cas·ti·gate v. tr. cas·ti·gat·ed, cas·ti·gat·ing, cas·ti·gates. 1. To inflict severe punishment on. See Synonyms at punish. 2. To criticize severely. [Latin casti$ga$re, casti$ga$t-, from castus, pure. See kes- in Appendix.]

(OED) castigate

etymology: < Latin castīgāt- participial stem of castīgāre to chastise, correct, reprove ( < castus pure, chaste) + -ate suffix³. See chastise v.

1. transitive. To chastise, correct, inflict corrective punishment on; to subdue by punishment or discipline, to chasten; now usually, to punish or rebuke severely.
2. To correct, revise, and emend (a literary work).

†3. transferred. To chasten or subdue (in intensity).

(Online Etymology) castigate (v.) "to chastise, punish," c. 1600, from Latin castigatus, past participle of castigare "to correct, set right; purify; chastise, punish," from castus "pure" (see caste) + agere "to do" (from PIE root *ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move"). The notion behind the word is "make someone pure by correction or reproof." Compare purge (v.), from purus + agere. Related: Castigated; castigating; castigator; castigatory.

castigate -கலைச்சொற்கள்

castigate - தண்டி, கண்டித்துரை.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

castigate - கடுமையாக கண்டி.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

cas`tigate – கடுந்தண்டனை.

வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

CASTRATE

(Skeat) castrate, to cut so as to render imperfect. (L.) ‘Ye castrate the desires of the flesh;’ Martin, Marriage of Priests, 1554, Yi, b. (Todd’s Johnson). See also the Spectator, no. 179. — Lat. castratus, pp. of castrare. Cf. Skt. çastra, a knife. Der. castrat-ion.

(Chambers) castrate v. remove the male glands from. 1633, probably developed from earlier English castrate, n. a castrated man (1639), from castrated, participial adj., gelded, diminished (1613, in a later edition of Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall); borrowed from Latin castrātus, past participle of castrāre cut off, curtail, castrate (formed from *castrum knife, cognate with Sanskrit sastrá-m knife); for suffix see -ate. The Latin castrāre is cognate with Greek keázein to split, Middle Irish cess spear, Old Slavic kosa sickle, scythe, and Sanskrit śásti, śásati (he) cuts, chops up, from Indo- European *ƙes- (Pok.586). It is also possible that castrate is a back formation of earlier castration. -castration n. Probably before 1425 castracioun, borrowed from Latin castratiōnem (nominative castrātiō), from castrāre castrate; for suffix see -tion.

(Onions) castrate remove the testicles of. xvii. f. pp. stem of L. castrāre, perh. f. *castrum knife (= Skr. çastram, f. ças- cut); see -ate³. So castra·tion. xv. -F. or L.

(American Heritage) cas·trate v. tr. cas·trat·ed, cas·trat·ing, cas·trates. 1. To remove the testicles of (a male); geld or emasculate. 2. To remove the ovaries of (a female); spay. 3. To deprive of virility or spirit; emasculate. — n. An individual who is incapable of reproduction as a result of removal, destruction, or inactivation of the gonads. [Latin castra$re, castra$t-. See kes- in Appendix.]

(OED) castrate

etymology: < Latin castrāt- participial stem of castrāre to castrate, prune, expurgate, deprive of vigour, etc.: see -ate suffix³.

1. a. transitive. To remove the testicles of; to geld, emasculate.
2. Botany. To remove the anthers (or the pistil) of (a flower) before fecundation. (New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon)

†2. Horticulture. To prune, remove superfluous suckers from. Obsolete.

3. a. transferred and figurative. To deprive of vigour, force, or vitality; to mortify.

†b. To mutilate, ‘cut down’. Obsolete.

4. To mutilate (a book, etc.) by removing a sheet or portion of it; esp. to remove obscene or objectionable passages from; to expurgate.

(Online Etymology) castrate (v.) "to deprive of the testicles, emasculate," 1610s (implied in castrated), back-formation from castration (q.v.), or from Latin castratus, past participle of castrare "to castrate, emasculate; to prune," supposedly from a noun *castrum "knife, instrument that cuts" (from PIE root *kes- "to cut"). The figurative sense "destroy the strength or vitality of" is attested earlier (1550s). Related: Castrating.

castrate -கலைச்சொற்கள்

castrate – விதையடி.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

castrate – காயடி.

வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

CASTRATION

(Skeat) Castration See castrate

(Chambers) Castration See castrate

(Onions) Castration See castrate

(OED) Castration

etymology: < French castration, or < Latin castrātiōn-em, noun of action < castrāre to castrate.

The action of castrating, in various senses.

1. a. The removing of the testicles; gelding.
2. castration-complex n. Psychoanalysis a group of repressed ideas based on a feared potential loss of the genitals in childhood, and resulting in anxiety.

†2. The act of taking away a portion of the honey from the hive. Obsolete [Cf. Latin castrāre alveāria (Palladius); French châtrer une ruche.]

†3. Mutilation, ‘cutting down’. Obsolete.

4. The removal of objectionable parts from a literary work; expurgation. Also concrete.

(Online Etymology) castration (n.) "act of castrating," early 15c., castracioun, from Latin castrationem (nominative castratio), noun of action from past-participle stem of castrare "to castrate, emasculate," supposedly from a noun *castrum "knife, instrument that cuts" (from PIE root *kes- "to cut"). Freud's castration complex is attested from 1914 in English (translating German Kastrationsangst).

castration -கலைச்சொற்கள்

castration – விதையடித்தல்; castration complex - விதையடித்தல் கோட்டம்.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

castration - இனப்பெருக்க ஆற்றலழிப்பு.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

castration - ஆண்மை நீக்கம்.

ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி - (2015)

castration - கருத்தடை அறுவை.

கலைச்சொல் அகராதி

castration – காயடித்தல்; castration anxiety - விரையகற்றப் பதற்றம்; castration - இனப்பெருக்க ஆற்றலழிப்பு; castration (complex) - ஆண்குறியிழப்பு அச்சம்; castration – மலடாக்கல்.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

CHASTE

(Skeat) chaste, clean, pure, modest. (F., —L.) In early use. Chaste and chastete (chastity) both occur at p. 368 of the Ancren Riwle. = O.F. chaste, caste. —Lat. castus (for cad-tus), chaste, pure. ++ Gk. καθ-αρός, pure. + Skt. çuddha, pure; from çudh, to be purified, become pure. - √KWADH, to clean, purify. See Curtius, i. 169; and vanicek. Der. chaste-ness, chaste-ly; chast-i-ty; also chast-en, chast-ise; see below.

(Chambers) chaste adj. pure, virtuous. Probably before 1200, in Ancrene Riwle, borrowed from Old French chaste morally pure, from Latin castus pure, chaste, holy, related to castrāre to cut off, castrate. Doublet of caste. -chastity n. purity, virtue. Probably before 1200 chastete, borrowed from Old French chasteté, from Latin castitātem (nominative castitās) purity, from castus pure; for suffix see -ity.

(John Ayto) chaste [13] Chaste comes via Old French from Latin castus ‘pure’. The notion of making someone pure, by correcting or reproving them, was expressed in Latin by the derived verb castīgāre, which passed into English in the 17^th century as castigate. Old French, however, had already adopted it as chastier, which in the 12^th century produced the now obsolete English verb chaste ‘discipline’. From it were formed the derivatives chastise [14] and chasten [16]. Also ultimately from Latin castus is English caste. ® caste, chasten, chastise, incest

(Onions) chaste sexually pure. xiii. - (O)F. chaste, semi-pop. -L. castus. So cha·stity. xiii. ME. chastete- (O)F. chasteté - L. castitās; later assim. to L. spelling.

(American Heritage) chaste adj. chast·er, chast·est. 1. Morally pure in thought or conduct; decent and modest. 2. a. Not having experienced sexual intercourse; virginal. b. Abstaining from unlawful sexual intercourse. c. Abstaining from sexual intercourse; celibate. 3. Pure or simple in design or style; austere. [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin castus. See kes- in Appendix.]

(OED) Chaste

forms:  Middle English-1700s chast, Middle English schast, Middle English-1500s chest, Middle English chaast(e, 1500s cheste, chaist. Middle English- chaste.

etymology: < Old French chaste (13th cent. in Littré), semi-popular < Latin castus, casta morally pure, chaste, holy.

1. a. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; continent, virtuous. (Of persons, their lives, conduct, etc.)
2. transferred. Pertaining to sexual purity.

†2. a. Celibate, single. Obsolete.

†b. Used to render eunūchus. Obsolete. rare.

†3. Morally pure, free from guilt, innocent. Obsolete.

4. figurative. Undefiled, stainless pure.
5. Decent; free from indecency or offensiveness.

†6. Restrained, subdued, chastened. Obsolete.

7. figurative. Chastened, modest, restrained from all excess:

†a. of processes of thought. Obsolete.

1. of tastes, qualities, etc.
2. Pure in artistic or literary style; without meretricious ornament; chastened, subdued.
3. chaste tree, also †chaste lamb [mistranslation of Latin agnus castus, the name of the tree being mistaken for agnus lamb] : the tree agnus castus n. a species of Vitex.

(Online Etymology) chaste (adj.) c. 1200, "virtuous, pure from unlawful sexual intercourse" (as defined by the Church), from Old French chaste "morally pure" (12c.), from Latin castus "clean, pure, morally pure" (see caste).

chaste -கலைச்சொற்கள்

chastener – ஒறுக்குநர்; chasteness – கற்புடைமை; chaste tree - நொச்சி மரம்; chastisement – தண்டிக்கை; chastity – கற்பு.

 அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

chaste - அடக்க ஒடுக்கமுடைய, பண்பு நயமுடைய.

-ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

CHASTITY

(Chambers) Chastity See chaste

(American Heritage) chas·ti·ty n. 1. The condition or quality of being pure or chaste. 2. a. Virginity. b. Virtuous character. c. Celibacy. [Middle English chastite, from Old French chastete, from Latin castita$s, from castus, pure. See chaste.]

(OED) Chastity

forms:  Middle English chastete, Middle English-1500s chastite, chastyte, Middle English-1600s chastitie, Middle English chastitee, chastiti, 1500s chastytye, 1500s- chastity.

origin: A borrowing from French.

etymon: French chastete.

etymology: < Old French chastete (13th cent.) < classical Latin castitāt-, castitās moral purity, sexual purity, (of married women) fidelity, virginity, ceremonial purity (< castus chaste adj. + -tās -ty suffix1) under the influence of the adjective chaste chaste adj. The later spelling shows further assimilation to Latin; see -ity suffix.

The quality or state of being chaste.

1. a. Purity from unlawful sexual intercourse; continence.

†b. figurative. Obsolete.

2. Abstinence from all sexual intercourse; virginity, celibacy.

†3. Ceremonial purity. Obsolete. rare.

4. Exclusion of meretricious ornament; purity of style, modesty, chasteness.
5. Exclusion of excess or extravagance; moderation, restraint.

(Online Etymology) chastity (n.)  c. 1200, chastete, "sexual purity" (as defined by the Church), including but not limited to virginity or celibacy, from Old French chastete "chastity, purity" (12c., Modern French chasteté), from Latin castitatem (nominative castitas) "purity, chastity" from castus "cut off, separated; pure" (see caste). Chastity-belt is from 1894 (belt of chastity is from 1878).

chastity -கலைச்சொற்கள்

chastity – தற்கட்டுப்பாடு.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

chastity - கன்னித் தன்மை, தூய்மை.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

chastity bonds - கற்புடை கடன்பத்திரம்.

chastity – நிறை.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

vir`tue – நல்லொழுக்கம்; cha`stity - சிந்தனைத் தூய்மையுடைய.

 வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

CHATEAU

(Skeat) chateau, a castle. (F., —L.) Modern; and mere French. - Mod. F. château; O. F. chastel, castel. -Lat. castellum. A doublet of Castle, q. v.

(Chambers) château n. large home, especially country residence. About 1739, borrowing of French château country mansion, large country house, from Old French chastel, from Latin castellum castle. Doublet of castle.

(American Heritage) cha·teau also châ·teau n. pl. cha·teaus or cha·teaux. 1. a. A French castle. b. A French manor house. 2. A large country house. [French chateau, from Old French chastel, from Latin castellum, castle. See castle.]

(OED) Chateau

forms:  Also 1700s shattow. Plural châteaux.

etymology: < French château < Old French chastel < Latin castellum castle n.

1. A castle; a large mansion or country house (cf. castle n. 3): used only in reference to France and other parts of continental Europe. (Formerly in more general use.) Also occasionally used in reference to Britain. Also attributive and in other combinations.
2. A French vineyard, usually in the neighbourhood of a château; frequently in the names of wines made at these vineyards.
3. châteaux in air, chateau(x) en Espagne, château in Spain, Spanish château = castles, or a castle, in the air (see castle n. 11).

(Online Etymology) chateau (n.) "large stately residence in the country, manor-house," c. 1739, from French château, from Old French chastel (12c.), from Latin castellum "castle" (see castle (n.)).

chateau -கலைச்சொற்கள்

chateau – மாளிகை.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

chateau - நாட்டுப்புற மாளிகை.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

chateau - கோட்டை வீடு.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி, தொகுதி

CHATELAINE

(Onions) chatelaine mistress of a castle, etc.; chains on girdle bearing articles of domestic use. xix. - F. châtelaine, fern. Of châtelain lord of a castle (earlier chastelain, with var. cast-, both adopted in Eng. xiv) = Pr., Sp. castellan, It. -ano :- L. castellānus, f. castellum castle (see -an)

(American Heritage) chat·e·laine n. 1. a. The mistress of a castle. b. The mistress of a large, fashionable household. 2. A clasp or chain worn at the waist for holding keys, a purse, or a watch. [French chatelaine, feminine of chatelain, chatelain, from Old French chastelain. See chatelain.]

(OED) Chatelaine

Forms:  Also chatelaine

Etymology: < French châtelaine, feminine of châtelain.

1. A female castellan; the mistress of a castle or country house. Also, the mistress of a household.
2. An ornamental appendage worn by ladies at their waist, supposed to represent the bunch of keys, etc. of a medieval châtelaine: it consists of a number of short chains attached to the girdle or belt, etc., bearing articles of household use and ornament, as keys, corkscrew, scissors, penknife, pin-cushion, thimble-case, watch, etc., according to taste. (Sometimes applied to a bunch of ornaments worn at a watch-chain.)

(Online Etymology) chatelaine (n.) 1845, "mistress of a castle or household," from French châtelaine "a female castellan; wife of a castellan; mistress of a castle or country house;" fem. of châtelain, from Old French chastelain "owner and lord of a castle, nobleman; keeper of a castle" (Modern French châtelaine), from chastel "castle," from Latin castellum "castle" (see castle (n.)). In fashion, as a type of ornamental belt, from 1851; it is supposed to resemble a chain of keys such as a chatelaine would wear.

chatelaine -கலைச்சொற்கள்

chatelaine - மாளிகை முதல்வி.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

chatelaine - கைக்கடிகாரச் சங்கிலியின் சிங்கார வளையம்.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

CHESTER

(American Heritage) Ches·ter 1. A borough of west-central England on the Dee River south-southeast of Liverpool. The Romans built a fort here to defend the river crossing into Wales and named the settlement Deva. Chester is known for its Rows, a double tier of shops and houses along its main streets. Population, 58,100. 2. A city of southeast Pennsylvania on the Delaware River, an industrial suburb of Philadelphia. Established as Upland, it was the site of William Penn’s first landing in America (1682) and is the oldest city in the state. Population, 41,856.

(OED) Chester

etymology: Old English ceaster < *ceæster < *cæster < prehistoric Old English *cæstra (5-6th cent.) feminine, < Latin castra plural neuter, ‘camp’, often applied to places in Britain which had been originally Roman encampments. (For the phonology, compare Sievers Ags. Gram. 1886, §75. 1.) This is one of the best ascertained of the Latin words adopted by the Angles and Saxons during the conquest of Britain. Still existing as the proper name, or part of the name, of many places. In Cumbria, Lancashire, Yorkshire, and some counties south of these, it appears as -caster, without palatalization. The history of the form written -cester, of which only -ster is pronounced (in Worcester, Bicester, etc.), is obscure; the written form is perhaps of French or medieval Latin origin.

Obsolete (except in combination).

A city or walled town; originally one that had been a Roman station in Britain.

(Online Etymology) Chester Cestre (1086), from Old English Legacæstir (735) "City of the Legions," from Old English ceaster "Roman town or city," from Latin castrum "fortified place" (see castle (n.)). A post-Roman name; the place was the base of the Second Legion Adiutrix in the 70s C.E. and later the 20th Legion Valeria Victrix, but the town's name in Roman times was Deoua (c. 150 C.E.), from its situation on the River Dee, a Celtic river name meaning "the goddess, the holy one."

chester -கலைச்சொற்கள்

data not available; forecastle -கலைச்சொற்கள்; forecastle – முற்கூடகம்.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

forecastle deck - கப்பல் முன்புற மேடை.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

FORECASTLE

(Skeat) forecastle, the fore part of a ship. (Hybrid; E. and L.) ‘Forecastle of a ship, that part where the foremast stands0;’ Kersey’s Dict., ed. 1715. Also in Blount’s Gloss., ed. 1674. A short deck placed in front of a ship, above the upper deck, is so called, because it used in former times to be much elevated, for the accommodation of archers and crossbowmen. From fore and castle; see castle. ¶ Commonly corrupted to foc'sle or foxle.

(Chambers) forecastle (after sailors' pronunciation) n. 1407 forcastelle; earlier, probably Anglo-French forechasteil (1338); probably formed from Middle English fore- + castel fortified tower, after earlier Anglo-French.

(American Heritage) fore·cas·tle also fo’c’s’le n. Nautical. 1. The section of the upper deck of a ship located at the bow forward of the foremast. 2. A superstructure at the bow of a merchant ship where the crew is housed. [Middle English forecastel : fore-, fore- + castel, fortification; see castle.]

(OED) Forecastle

forms:  Also written fo'c'sle, after sailors' pronunc. /ˈfəʊks(ə)l/.

etymology: < fore- prefix + castle n.

1. 1. Nautical. A short raised deck at the fore end of a vessel. In early use raised like a castle to command the enemy's decks. Obsolete exc. archaic or Historical.
2. The fore part of a ship (see quots. 1704, 1867). to ride forecastle in, i.e. with bows under.
3. In merchant vessels, the forward part of the vessel, under the deck, where the sailors live.

(Online Etymology) forecastle (n.) c. 1400 (mid-14c. as Anglo-French forechasteil), "short raised deck in the fore part of the ship used in warfare," from Middle English fore- "before" + Anglo-French castel "fortified tower" (see castle (n.)). In broader reference to the part of a vessel forward of the fore rigging, late 15c.; hence, generally, "section of a ship where the sailors live" (by 1840). Spelling fo'c'sle reflects sailors' pronunciation. If at the aft part of a ship, it was an afcastle.

Forecastle -கலைச்சொற்கள்                   

forecastle                          முற்கூடகம்   

                                                   -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

forecastle deck                  கப்பல் முன்புற மேடை      

                     -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

incest

(Skeat) incest, impurity. (F., —L.) In earlyuse. M. E. incest, Ancren Riwle, p. 204, 1. 20. —F. inceste, ‘incest;’ Cot. -Lat. incestus, un-chaste. -Lat. in-, not; and castus, chaste. See In- (3) and chaste. Der. incest-u-ous, Hamlet, i. 2. 157; incest-u-ous-ly.

 (Chambers) incest n. Probably before 1200, in Ancrene Riwle; borrowed, perhaps from Old French inceste, and directly from Latin incestum unchastity, lewdness, incest, noun use of neuter adjective, from incestus unchaste or impure (in- not + castus pure; see caste). -incestuous adj. 1532, in Sir Thomas More's The Confutation of Tyndale's Answer; borrowed, perhaps by influence of Middle French incestueux, from Late Latin incestuōsus, from incestus (genitive incestus) incest; for suffix see -ous.

(John Ayto) incest [13] Etymologically, incest is virtually the same word as unchaste. It was borrowed from Latin incestus, a noun use of an adjective formed from the negative prefix in- and castus ‘pure’ source of English chaste). The Latin word denoted ‘unchastity’ in general, but in practice was often applied specifically to ‘sexual contact between close relatives’. ® chaste

(Onions) incest sexual commerce of near kindred. xiii (AncrR.). - L. incestus, or incestum, sb. use of n. of incestus impure, unchaste, f. in- lN-²+castus chaste. So ince·stuous. xvi. -late L. incestuōsus.

(American Heritage) in·cest n. 1. Sexual relations between persons who are so closely related that their marriage is illegal or forbidden by custom. 2. The statutory crime of sexual relations with such a near relative. [Middle English, from Latin incestum, neuter of incestus, impure, unchaste: in-, not; see in-¹ + castus, pure, chaste; see kes- in Appendix.]

(OED) Incest

origin: A borrowing from Latin.

etymons: Latin incestus, incestum.

etymology: < Latin incestus (u stem) or incestum (neuter of incestus adjective, impure, unchaste), < in- (in- prefix4) + castus chaste, pure. Compare Old French inceste (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). In sense 2, < Latin incestus, French inceste, an incestuous person.

1. a. The crime of sexual intercourse or cohabitation between persons related within the degrees within which marriage is prohibited; sexual commerce of near kindred.
2. spiritual incest (Roman Catholic Church): (a) Marriage or sexual connection between persons related by spiritual affinity, or with a person under a vow of chastity, etc. (b) The holding by the same person of two benefices, one of which depends on the collation of the other.

†2. A person guilty of incest. Obsolete. rare.

(Online Etymology) incest (n.) "the crime of sexual intercourse between near kindred," c. 1200, from Old French incest "incest; lechery, fornication," and directly from Latin incestum "unchastity, impious unchastity," also specifically "sexual intercourse between close relatives," noun use of neuter adjective incestus "unchaste, impure," from in- "not" (see in-(1)) + castus "pure" (see caste). Old English had sibleger "incest," literally "kin-lying."

incest -கலைச்சொற்கள்

incest - தகாப் புணர்ச்சி; dynastic incest - அரசக்குடி தகாப்புணர்ச்சி.

 அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

incest - முறைதகாப் புணர்ச்சி.

 ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

incest perversion - தகா உறவுமுறைப் புணர்தல்; incest taboo - முறைதகாப் புணர்ச்சி; incest - கூடாப் பாலுறவு; father-daughter incest - தந்தை-மகள் புணர்ச்சி,

 கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி, தொகுதி

incest taboo - தகாப்பாலுறவு அவையல் கிளவி.

 மொழியியல் கலைச்சொல்லகராதி - (1980)

MANCHESTER

(American Heritage) man・ches・ter 1. A borough of northwest England east-northeast of Liverpool. Founded on the site of Celtic and Roman settlements, it was first chartered in 1301. Greater Manchester is densely populated and highly industrialized. The Manchester Ship Canal (completed in 1894) affords access for oceangoing vessels. Population, 464,200. 2. A town of north-central Connecticut east of Hartford. It was settled in 1672. Population, 49,761. 3. The largest city of New Hampshire, in the southeast part of the state on the Merrimack River north of Nashua. Incorporated as Derryfield in 1751 and renamed in 1810, it was an important textile center from the mid-1800’s until the 1930’s. Population, 99,567.

(OED) manchester

forms:  1500s- Manchester, 1500s Manchister, 1600s Manchestor; also (esp. in senses 5   and 6) with lower-case initial.

origin: From a proper name.

etymon: proper name Manchester.

etymology: < Manchester, the name of a city and district in the area of Greater Manchester in north-western England (formerly in Lancashire), the centre of the cotton industry in the 19th cent. With senses 1 and 5 compare German Manchester (noun) denoting corduroy and similar textiles (late 19th cent. or earlier).

1. Compounds.
2. a. attributive. Designating or relating to various cotton goods formerly produced in Manchester, as Manchester cotton, etc. Now rare.
3. Manchester goods n. cotton goods of the kind manufactured in Manchester. Similarly Manchester wares (now historical).

†c. Manchester-man n. Obsolete a dealer in cotton goods of the kind manufactured in Manchester.

1. Manchester warehouse n. a warehouse in which cotton goods are stocked and sold. Similarly Manchester warehouseman.
2. Chiefly Australian, New Zealand, and South African Manchester department n. a department (in a shop) where household linen and other cotton goods are sold.
3. a. Manchester school n. now historical a group of liberal politicians and their followers led by Richard Cobden and John Bright, influential c1840-60, which met (originally in Manchester) to advocate free trade and the reduction of state intervention in commerce and industry.
4. attributive. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Manchester school or its free-trade principles, as Manchester policy, etc.
5. attributive. Music. Of or relating to a group of composers, including Harrison Birtwistle (1934-2022), Alexander Goehr (b. 1932), and Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-2016), who studied together at the Royal Manchester College of Music in the 1950s and were noted for their interest in avant-garde European music. Chiefly in Manchester school.
6. In the names of various colours used in dyeing textiles (cf. sense 1), as Manchester black, Manchester brown, Manchester yellow.
7. Manchester terrier n. a breed of small, short-coated, black and tan terrier, once particularly popular in the Manchester area; a dog of this breed. Cf. black and tan n.
8. Simple uses.
9. †a. A type of cotton fabric; (also) a piece of this; a garment made of this. Obsolete.
10. South African and Australian. Frequently in form manchester. Household cotton goods; linens. Also: the department in a shop which sells such goods.

†6. slang.  [Probably < the similarity of the tongue to a strip of cloth: compare red rag n. 1.] The tongue. Obsolete.

7. Short for Manchester terrier n. at sense 4.

(Online Etymology) Manchester  large city in Lancashire, Mameceastre (1086), from Mamucio (4c.), the original Celtic name, which is perhaps from *mamm "breast, breast-like hill," + Old English ceaster "Roman town" (see Chester). Adjective Mancunian is from the Medieval Latin form of the place-name, Mancunium.

manchester -கலைச்சொற்கள்

manchester goods - பருத்தித் துணிமணி; manchester school - காப்புவரியில்லாத வாணிகமுறைக் கோட்பாட்டாளர் குழு.

 ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

manchester plate - மான்செஸ்டர் தட்டு; manchester cotton - மான்செஸ்டர் பருத்தி; manchester velvet - மான்செஸ்டர் மென்பட்டு.

 கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி, தொகுதி

QUASH

(Skeat) quash, to crush, annihilate, annul. (F., —L.) M.E. quaschen; see ‘Quaschyn, quasso’ in Prompt. Parv. Properly transitive; but used intransitively in P. Plowman, C. xxi.64. And see Owl and Nightingale, 1388. —O.F. quasser, later casser, ‘to breake, ... quash asunder;’ Cot. (He gives both spellings.) -Lat. quassare, to shatter; frequentative of quatere supine quassum), to shake. Root uncertain. ¶ The O. F. quasser also means ‘to abrogate, annul’ (Cot.), as in E. ‘to quash an indictment.’ The slight likeness to A.S. cwίsan, to break, is accidental; see queasy. Der. (from Lat. quatere) casque, cask, con-cuss-ion, dis-cuss, per-cuss-ion. [+]

(Chambers) Quash² v. make void, annul. Before 1338 quassen, in Mannyng's Chronicle of England; earlier cwessen to suppress, overcome (about 1250); borrowed from Old French quasser to annul, and probably directly from Medieval Latin quassare bring to naught; make null and void, alteration (influenced by Latin quassāre shatter; see quash¹) of cassare, from Latin cassus empty, void, null, probably related to carēre be devoid of, lack, and castus pure or chaste; see caste.

(John Ayto) quash [14] Quash goes back ultimately to Latin quatere ‘shake’ (source also of English rescue [14], which etymologically means ‘shake off, drive away’, and of concussion and percussion). From it evolved quassāre ‘shake to pieces, break’, which passed into Old French as quasser (its modern descendant is casser, from which English gets cashier ‘dismiss from the army’). English took quasser over as quash. Squash [16] comes ultimately from the Vulgar Latin derivative *exquassāre. ® concussion, percussion, rescue, squash

(Onions) quash kwof annul, invalidate xrv; bring to nought xvii. -OF. quasser (mod. Casser break) = Pr. casar, Sp., Pg. cansar weary, tire:- L. quassāre shake violently, break to pieces, shatter, freq. of quatere (pp. stem quass-) shake. Senses connected with those of shake and break were current xivxvii. Cf. concussion, percussion. ¶ F. -ss- is repr. by -sh- as in brush, push.

(American Heritage) quash1 v. tr. quashed, quash·ing, quash·es. To set aside or annul, especially by judicial action. [Middle English quassen, from Old French casser, quasser, from Medieval Latin quassa$re, alteration (influenced by quassa$re, to shatter); see quash², of cassa$re, from Latin cassus, empty, void. See kes- in Appendix.]

(OED) quash

forms:  early Middle English cwesse, early Middle English queysse, Middle English quasche, Middle English quassch, Middle English quassh, Middle English quaste (past tense), Middle English quaysch, Middle English qvace, Middle English qwasche, Middle English qwaste (past participle), Middle English whace, Middle English 1600s quasse, Middle English- quash; Scottish pre-1700 quassat (past participle), pre-1700 quesced (past participle), pre-1700 quesch, pre-1700 1700s- quash.

origin: A borrowing from French; probably partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Perhaps also partly an imitative or expressive formation.

etymons: French quaisser, quaissier, quasier, quassier.

etymology: < Anglo-Norman quaisser, queisser, quessier, quessir, queissir, quasser, quassir, quacer, quaser and Old French quaissier, quesser, (Picardy) quasier, Old French, Middle French quasser, (Liège) quassier (French casser) to break in pieces, smash, shatter (c1100 with reference to physical objects, 12th cent. with reference to a person's bones), to shake (12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to hurt, injure (a person) (second half of the 12th cent.), to bring to nothing, to crush (a hope), to banish, get rid of (a suspicion) (all early 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to subdue, suppress (a noise) (first half of the 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to crush (a thing, e.g. grapes) (early 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to annul, make null and void, to throw out as invalid (a law, decision, election, indictment, etc.) (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to revoke (a privilege) (13th-14th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to put an end to (legal proceedings) (early 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman; the specific legal uses are apparently not paralleled in continental French until later: early 16th cent.) < classical Latin quassāre to shake repeatedly, to cause to tremble violently, to damage, batter, bruise, in post-classical Latin also to break, smash (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), frequentative of quatere to shake, of uncertain origin. The specific legal uses of the French verb in sense 2 are probably due to association with post-classical Latin cassare (also quassare, frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) to destroy (4th cent.), to annul (5th cent.), to reject (12th cent.; < classical Latin cassus null, void: see cass adj.). In later use in sense 5 perhaps partly imitative. Compare cass v., cash v.¹, squash v.¹

1. Non-physical senses.
2. transitive. To bring to nothing; to crush; to destroy; to put down or suppress completely; to stifle (esp. a feeling, idea, scheme, undertaking, proceeding, etc.). Also with down.
3. transitive. To annul, to make null or void (a law, decision, election, etc.); to throw out or reject (a writ, indictment, conviction, etc.) as invalid; to put an end to, stop completely (legal proceedings). Also †with down.
4. transitive. To crush, quell, or utterly subdue (a person); to squash.
5. Physical senses.
6. a. transitive. To break in pieces; to smash. Also: to crush, squeeze, squash.

†b. transitive. To dash or smash on or against something. Obsolete.

†5. intransitive. To shake, tremble; to splash; to make a splashing noise. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) quash (v.) the modern English word is a merger of two words, both in Middle English as quashen, from two unrelated Latin verbs.

1. "to suppress, overcome" (mid-13c.); "to make void, annul, nullify, veto" (mid-14c.), from Old French quasser, quassier, casser"to annul, declare void," and directly from Medieval Latin quassare, alteration of Late Latin cassare, from cassus"null, void, empty" (from extended form of PIE root *kes- "to cut"). The meaning "subdue, put down summarily" is from c. 1600.

quash -கலைச்சொற்கள்

quash – ஒழி.

 ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

quash - அகற்று, விலக்கு; quash - இன்மையாக்கு, பயனறச்செய்.

 கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

quash - இல்லாமலாக்கு, நிறுத்து.

 வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

CASE

(Skeat) case (2), a receptacle, cover. (F., -L.) M.E. casse, kace. ‘Kace, or casse for pynnys, capcella;’ Prompt. Parv. p. 269. -O. F. casse, ‘a box, case, or chest;᾿ Cot. (mod. F. caisse), -Lat. capsa, a receptacle, chest, box, cover. —Lat. capere, to receive, contain, hold. — √KAP, to hold; Fick, i. 39. Der. case, verb; cash, q. v.; also en-case, case-ment. Doublet, chase (3), q. v.

(Chambers) case² n. box, container, receptacle. Before 1325, in Cursor Mundi, borrowed from Anglo-French casse, Old French chasse, from Latin capsa box, container, from capere to take, hold; see captive. -v. to put in a case or box. 1575, from the noun. The meaning "to examine, inspect" is first recorded in 1915. -casing n. covering (1839).

(John Ayto) case [13] There are two distinct words case in English, both acquired via Old French from Latin and both members of very large families. Case ‘circumstance’ was borrowed from Old French cas, which in turn came from Latin cāsus ‘fall, chance’. This was formed from the base of the verb cadere ‘fall’. The progression of senses is from the concrete ‘that which falls’ to the metaphorical ‘that which befalls, that which happens (by chance)’ (and English chance is also derived ultimately from Latin cadere). Other related words in English include accident, cadence, cadaver, cheat, chute, coincide, decadent, decay, deciduous, and occasion. Case ‘container’ comes via Old French casse from Latin capsa ‘box’, a derivative of the verb capere ‘hold’ (which is related to English heave). At various points during its history it has produced offshoots which in English have become capsule [17], a diminutive form, cash, chassis, and perhaps capsicum [18] and chase ‘engrave’. ® accident, cadaver, cheat, chute, decay, deciduous, occasion, occident; capsicum, capsule, cash, chassis   

(Onions) case² receptacle, holder xiii (Cursor M.); protective covering xiv; chest; frame xvi, as in staircase (xvii). ME. case, caas, cass- OF. casse, dial. var. of chasse (mod. chasse reliquary, frame) = Pr. caisa, It. cassa :- L. capsa box, bookcase, f. base of capere hold (see heave).

(American Heritage) case2 n. 1. A container; a receptacle: a jewelry case; meat-filled cases of dough. 2. Abbr. c., C., cs. A container with its contents. 3. A decorative or protective covering or cover. 4. A set or pair: a case of pistols. 5. The frame or framework of a window, door, or stairway. 6. The surface or outer layer of a metal alloy. — v. tr. cased, cas·ing, cas·es. To put into or cover with a case; encase. [Middle English, from Norman French casse, from Latin capsa.]

(OED) case forms:  Middle English caace, Middle English cas, Middle English kace, Middle English kase, Middle English-1500s kas, Middle English-1500s (1800s English regional (northern)) caas, Middle English-1600s cace, Middle English-1600s casse, Middle English- case, 1500s kes, 1500s (1800s- English regional (Lincolnshire)) caase, 1500s (1800s- English regional (northern)) cass; English regional 1800s caice (Yorkshire), 1800s- keeas (Isle of Wight); Scottish pre-1700 cace, pre-1700 cais, pre-1700 caische, pre-1700 caise, pre-1700 cas, pre-1700 cays, pre-1700 ceass, pre-1700 kace, pre-1700 kais, pre-1700 kaise, pre-1700 kays, pre-1700 keis, pre-1700 keise, pre-1700 kes, pre-1700 1700s caice, pre-1700 1700s- case. N.E.D. (1888) also records a form Middle English cass.

origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French case, chasse.

etymology: < Anglo-Norman case, caase, cace, caas, cas, kas, Anglo-Norman and Old French (chiefly northern) casse, variants of Anglo-Norman chas, Old French chasce, Anglo-Norman and Middle French chasse, chace (French châsse) reliquary, shrine (c1150 in Old French), box, receptacle (13th cent. or earlier), casket (13th cent. or earlier), capsule (13th cent. or earlier), receptacle within the body (a1365 in specific sense ’pericardium’), frame (c1375) < classical Latin capsa cylindrical case for holding books, receptacle for other things, in post-classical Latin also reliquary (from 8th cent. in British and continental sources), probably a suffixal derivative < capere to take, hold (see capture n.).

Compare Old Occitan caisa, caissa, Catalan caixa (14th cent.), Spanish caja (1251 as †caxa; probably < Old Occitan or Catalan), Portuguese caixa (15th cent.; 1364 as †qajxa), Italian cassa (13th cent., earliest in sense ‘money chest’, 1585 in the specific use in typography (see sense 6a)). Compare casement n., casing n.2

1. a. A box, bag, or other receptacle, designed to contain an item or items for safe keeping, transportation, or display.
2. Horticulture. A box or frame in which seedlings and plants are grown; a terrarium.
3. A suitcase.
4. a. A part of an animal (in later use esp. an insect) or plant that acts as a receptacle or a protective covering. In later use also: a protective layer surrounding a larva or pupa or a group of these. Also figurative.
5. The outer protective or covering part of a manufactured object; a housing, a casing.
6. Bookbinding. A protective cover consisting of a pair of boards and spine piece covered with cloth, decorative paper, etc., constructed as a separate item and then attached to a bound volume, collection of periodical numbers, or parts of a work. Also: a cover of a similar kind made to hold separate pamphlets, etc., without binding.
7. A gall (gall n.3) with a hollow centre, containing more than one insect. Obsolete. rare.
8. a. A box or chest with its appropriate contents, often of a definite character or quantity; spec. a dozen bottles of wine, spirits, or some other beverage, or their equivalent in six magnums or twenty-four half-bottles. Frequently with of.
9. a case of pistols (also †dags, †rapiers): a pair of pistols, rapiers, etc., with or without a container.
10. A set of teeth, bones, etc. Now rare.
11. 4. Originally Scottish. The frame in which a door, stair, or window is set. Cf. casement n. 2a.
12. a. slang. A house, esp. one used as a brothel. Cf. to case up 2 at case v.1 Phrasal verbs, case keeper n. 1. Now rare.
13. b. The shell or skeleton of a building. Obsolete.
14. Building. A surface layer of stone or other construction material used to face a wall or building, esp. on an external wall or facade, typically for aesthetic purposes; a facing. Now rare.
15. a. Printing. On a compositor's frame: either of two shallow trays divided into compartments in order to hold printing type. Cf. lay of the case at lay n.7 7c.
16. Typography. Each of the two forms, capital or minuscule, in which a letter of the alphabet may be written or printed. Cf. upper case n., lower case n. 2.
17. a. An item of clothing; an outfit. Obsolete.
18. The skin of an animal or (occasionally) person; a pelt or hide. Obsolete.
19. A person's body; = man-case n. at man n.1 Compounds 2a. Obsolete. rare.
20. slang. The vagina. Obsolete.
21. Military. = case shot n.
22. Mining. A narrow fissure in a layer of rock. Obsolete. rare.
23. Whaling. In the head of a sperm whale: a large membrane-lined sac containing spermaceti; (this part of) the spermaceti organ. Cf. junk n.1 4. Now historical.
24. U.S. Cards. In the game of faro: the fourth card of any denomination left in the dealing box when the other three cards have been dealt. Cf. to keep (the) cases at Phrases 1, to come (also get) down to cases at Phrases 2. Now chiefly historical.

(Online Etymology) case (n.2) "receptacle, box, that which encloses or contains," early 14c., from Anglo-French and Old North French casse (Old French chasse "case, reliquary;" Modern French châsse), from Latin capsa "box, repository" (especially for books), from capere "to take, hold" (from PIE root *kap- "to grasp").

case - கலைச்சொற்கள்

empty case - வெற்றுக் குண்டுக்கூடு; exceptional case - புறனடைவகை; dative case - நான்காம் வேற்றுமை; drawee in case of need - தேவைப் பெயரவர்; dressing case - ஒப்பனைப் பெட்டி; card case - அட்டையுறை; cartridge case - வெடிக்கலவுறை; case - உறை; caseation - உறைபாற்கட்டியாக்கம்; case conference - நிகழ்ச்சி-கலந்தாய்வு; case depth - கவச ஆழம்; case diary - வழக்கு விளத்தக் குறிப்பேடு; case ending - வேற்றுமையுருபு; case file - வழக்குக் கோப்பு; case grammar - வேற்றுமையிலக்கணம்; case hardening - உறை வன்மையாக்கல்; case-history - முன் நிகழ்வு வரலாறு; case-history - நோய் வரலாறு; case knife - கூர்ம்பட்டைக் கத்தி; case law - தீர்ப்பு வழிச் சட்டம்; case man - கோப்பாளர்; case marker - உறுப்பு; case mated - காப்பரண் மாடத்தையுடைய; casement - பலகணிச்சட்டம்; casement cloth - பலகணித்திரைத்துணி; casement curtain - பலகணித்திரை; casemented - மடங்கு மடிப்புச் சட்டத்தையுடைய; casement window - மடக்குப்பலகணி; caseous - உறைபாற்கட்டி போன்ற; case relation - வேற்றுமை-உறவு; case-sheet - நோய்ப் பதிவேடு; case-stated - வழக்கு விளக்கவுரை; case-study - நிகழ்வாய்வு; case-worm - கூட்டுப்புழு; civil case - (காண்க: civil action); crank case - வணரிப்போர்வுறை; crank case compression - வணரிப்போர்வுறை அமுக்கம்; criminal case - குற்ற வழக்கு; book-case - நூற்பேழை; brain case - மண்டையோடு; brief-case - கைப்பேழை; brief-case computer - கைப்பேழைக் கணிப்பொறி; ablative case - நீங்கற்பொருள் வேற்றுமை; accusative case - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை; adjournment of case - வழக்கு ஒத்திவைப்பு; agetial case - ஒப்புமை வேற்றுமை; alternative case - மாற்று வழக்கு; analogous case - ஒப்புமை நேர்வு.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002)

stair case - மாடிப் படிக்கட்டு; flow case - பாய்வு உறை; case hardening - புரணிக் கட்டுப்படுத்துதல்; case depth - உறை ஆழம்; case hardened - புறக்கடினப்பட்ட; case hardening - புறக்கடினப்படுத்தல்; crank case - வணரி உறை.

அறிவியல் கலைச்சொல்லகராதி

wineg-case - பூச்சிகளின் சிறகுச் சிதலுறை; writing-case - எழுத்தாளர், கைப்பெட்டி; show case - காட்சிப் பேழகம், காட்சிப் பேழை ; show-case - காட்சிக் காண்ணாடிப்பெட்டி; stair-case - படிக்கட்டு; suit case - உடைப் பேழகம், கைப்பெட்டி; pencil-case - வரைகோல் உறை; pillow-case - தலையணை உறை; letter-case - கடிதங்களை வைத்துக்கொள்வதற்கான சிறு கையேடு;  little-case - (வர.) சிறைக்கூட முடக்க அறை; jewel-case - அணிமணிப் பேழை; glass-case - கண்ணாடி மூடுகாப்புப் பேழை; card-case - பேட்டிச்சீட்டு உறை; case - பை, கூடு, உறை;case - திருட்டை முன்னிட்டுப் புலம் பார்; case-book - மருத்துவரின் தொழில்முறைக் குறிப்பேடு; case-bottle - பெட்டியில் குப்பியுடன் குப்பி பொருந்த வைப்பதற்கு  - வாய்ப்பான சதுரவடிவக் குப்பியுறை; case-harden - பரப்பில் கரியகமூட்டுவதன் மூலம் இரும்பைப்  - கடும்பதப்படுத்து; case-hardening - பரப்பில் கரியகமூட்டுவதன் மூலம் இரும்பைப்  - கடும்பதப்படுத்துதல்; case-knife - எப்போதும் உறையிலேயே வைக்கப்படும் பெரியகத்தி வகை; case-law - தீர்ப்புவழிச்சட்டம்; case-maker - புத்தக மேலட்டை செய்பவர்;  case-man - அச்சுக்கோப்பவர்; case-shot - சிதறு குண்டாகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் இரவைக்  - குண்டுகளடங்கிய தகர அடைப்பு; case-work - சமூகப்பணியிடையே தனிமனிதனைப்பற்றிய கவனிப்புக் கூறு; case-worm - ஈ வகையின் நீரில் மிதக்கவிடப்படும் முட்டைப்புழு; casehistory - முன் மரபு; bookcase - புத்தக அடுக்குப்பெட்டி; brain-case - மண்டை ஓடு.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

trivial case - அற்ப வகை; singular case - அரு வகை; special case - சிறப்பு வகை; particular case - குறிப்பிட்ட வகை; general case - பொது வகை; exceptional case - விதிவிலக்கு வகை; degenerate case - சிதைந்த வகை; ambiguous case - தெளிவற்ற வகை; ambiguous case - குழப்ப வகை; multiparameter case - பல் சுட்டுறுப்பு வகை; single parameter case - ஒற்றை சுட்டுறுப்பு வகை; case - நேர்வு, நிகழ்வினம்; special case - தனிமுறை நேர்வு, சிறப்புமுறை வழக்கு; suit-case - கைப்பெட்டி, தூக்குப்பெட்டி; summons case - சிறுகுற்ற வழக்கு; petty case - சிறு குற்றவழக்கு; new case register - புதுநேர்வுப் பதிவேடு; in case - ஒருவேளை; emergency case - உடனடி கவனிப்பிற்குரிய நோயாளர், உடனடி  - கவனிப்பிற்குரிய வழக்கு; case - பெட்டி, உறை, பை, வழக்கு, நேர்வு, நிகழ்வு; case history - நோய் விளக்கக் குறிப்பு, வழக்கு விளக்கம்; book-case - புத்தக அடுக்குப்பெட்டி; as a special case - சிறப்பு நேர்வாக; case - உறை, வழக்கு; case diary - வழக்குக் கையேடு, வழக்குக் குறிப்பேடு; case history - புலனாய்வு விவரம்; case law analysis - தீர்வுற்ற வழக்குப் பகுப்பாய்வு; case method - வழக்குகளின் அடிப்படை முறை; case sheet - நோய் விவரக் குறிப்புத்தாள்; case, title long - வழக்குப் பெருந்தலைப்பு; case, title short - வழக்குக் குறுந்தலைப்பு; cognizable case - புலன்கொள் வழக்கு, பிடியாணை வேண்டா வழக்கு; law, case - தீர்ப்புவழிச் சட்டம்; leading case - வழிகாட்டுத் தீர்ப்பு, முக்கியத் தீர்ப்பு; prima facie case - முதற்பார்வையிலான வழக்கு; summons case - அழைப்பாணை வழக்கு; warrant case - பிடியாணை வழக்கு; case - (மருத்துவஞ்சார் முறைகளில்) ஆளர், பிணியாளர்; case history - நோய் நேர்வுக் குறிப்பு; case studies - நேர்வு ஆய்வுகள்; case-control study - நேர்வு கட்டுப்பாட்டு ஆய்வு; criminal case - குற்றவியல் வழக்கு; case history - வழக்கு விவரம், நோய்விவரக் குறிப்பு, தனி நிகழ்வு வரலாறு; case study - தனி நிகழ்வாய்வு, நேர்வு ஆய்வு; ablative case - நீங்கற்பொருள் வேற்றுமை, ஐந்தாம் வேற்றுமை; case history - நிகழ்ச்சி வரலாறு; vocative case - விளிவேற்றுமை, உருபற்ற வேற்றுமை; borderline case - வரம்புநிலை நேர்ச்சி; case, just in - இருந்தால், இருந்தால் மட்டுமே; paradigm-case argument - எல்லாச் சொல்லும் பொருளுடையன எனும் கருத்து; accusative case - செயப்படுப்பொருள் வேற்றுமை; case - வேற்றுமை; case classification - வேற்றுமை வகைப்பாடு; case grammar - வேற்றுமை இலக்கணம்; case marker - வேற்றுமை உருபு; case meaning - வேற்றுமைப் பொருள்; case morpheme - வேற்றுமை உருபன்; causal case - காரணவேற்றுமை; commutative case - உடனிகழ்ச்சி வேற்றுமை; dative case - கொடை வேற்றுமை; deep case - அகநிலை வேற்றுமை; genitive case - கிழமை வேற்றுமை; instrumental case - கருவி வேற்றுமை; locative case - இடவேற்றுமை; possessive case - உடைமை வேற்றுமை; vocative case - விளிவேற்றுமை; hush up the case - வழக்கை மூடிமறை/வெளிப்படாமல் செய்; case study - நிகழ்வு ஆய்வு; civil case - உரிமையியல் வழக்கு; analogous case - ஒப்புடை நேர்வு; case hardening - புறணிக் கடினமாதல், பட்டைக் கடினமாதல்; base case - நடப்புச் சமூகப் பொருளியல் நிலவரம்; case hardening - புறணி இறுகுதல்; verrucase - பாலுண்ணி; surgical case taking - அறுவைசிகிச்சை நோயின் குறிப்பெடுத்தல்; case - control studies - நோய்தடுப்பு முறை ஆய்வுகள்; case control - நேர்வுக் கட்டுப்பாடு; case fatality - நேர்வு இறப்பு; case fatality rate - நேர்வு இறப்புவீதம்; case study - குறிப்பிட்ட ஆய்வு, நேர்வு ஆய்வு; stair-case - படிக்கட்டறையமைப்பு; transfer case - திறன் பகிர்வு பல்சக்கர அமைப்பு; lifter case - உள்ளீடு உறை; gear case - பற்சக்கர உறை; case bay - கூரைப்பகுதி; case bottle - சதுர குப்பியுறை; case hardening - புறணி வலிவுப்படுத்துதல்; case hardening - கரியகக் கடினமாக்கம்; case knife - உறைக்கத்தி; case man - அச்சுக்கோப்பவர்; cup-case thermometer - கிண்ணஞ்சூழ் வெப்பநிலை அளவி; ambiguous case - தெளிவிலா வகை; match case - உருவகைப் பொருத்தம் பார்; lower case - சிறிய எழுத்து; floppy disk case - நெகிழ் வட்டுறை; case control structure - வகை கட்டுப்பாட்டமைப்பு; case logic - வகை ஏரணம்; case-sensitive - வகைஉணர்; letter case, capitals - தலைப்பெழுத்துக்களின் எழுத்துப்பெட்டி; lower case - சிறிய எழுத்துப் பெட்டி; case hardening - புறணிக் கடினமாதல்; case worm - கூண்டுப்புழு; crank case - வளைஅச்சு உறை; stair case phenomenon - தொடராப் படநிகழ்வு (தொலைக்காட்சியில்); pillow case - தலையணைப் பேழை; jewel case - அணிகலப் பேழை; floppy disk case - நெகிழ்வட்டு உறை; case - பெட்டி, நிலை, நேர்வு; case competition - வழக்குப் போட்டி; case diary - நேர்வுக் குறிப்புப் புத்தகம்; case hardening - புறணிக் கடினமடைதல்; case history - நேர்சார் வரலாறு; case materials - நிகழ்வுசார் பொருட்கள்; case study - நேர்வு ஆய்வு; case study method - நேர்வுசார் முறை; bobbin case - நூற்கண்டு உறை; bobbin case - பாவுநூல் வள்ளை.

 கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

vocative case - விளி வேற்றுமை; translative case - பெயர்ச்சி வேற்றுமை; surface case - புறநிலை வேற்றுமை; purposive case - பொருட்டு வேற்றுமை; nominative case - எழுவாய் வேற்றுமை; locative case - இட வேற்றுமை; karaka case - காரக வேற்றுமை; directive case - திசை வேற்றுமை; case base - வேற்றுமையடி; case classification - வேற்றுமைப் பாகுபாடு; case form - வேற்றுமை வடிவம்; case relation - வேற்றுமை உறவு; case signification - வேற்றுமைக் குறிப்பீடு; case transformation - வேற்றுமை மாற்றம்; causal case - காரண வேற்றுமை; comparative case - ஒப்பு வேற்றுமை; ablative case - நீங்கள் வேற்றுமை; accusative case - செயப்படுபொருள் வேற்றுமை.

மொழியியல் கலைச்சொல்லகராதி (1980)

CASH

(Skeat) cash, coin or money. (F., -L.) 80 in Shak. Hen. V, ii. 1, 120. But the original sense is ‘a chest,’ or ‘a till,’ i.e. the box in which the ready money was kept; afterwards transferred to the money itself. ‘So as this bank is properly a general cash [i. 6. till, money-box], where every man lodges his money;’ Sir W. Temple, On the United Provinces, c.2 (R.) And see the quotation from Cotgrave below. -F. casse, ‘a box, case, or chest, to carry or keep weares [wares] in; also, a merchant’s cash or counter;’ &c.— Lat. capsa, a chest. Thus cash is a doublet of case (2), q.v. Der. cash-ier, sb.; but see cashier below.

(Chambers) cash n. 1593, borrowed from Middle French caisse money box, coffer, from Provençal caissa, from Vulgar Latin *capsea box, from Latin capsa box; see case² box. -v. convert into cash. 1811, from the noun. cash book (1622) -cashbox n. (1855) -cash register (1879, American English).

(John Ayto) cash [16] Cash originally meant ‘money-box’. English acquired it via French casse or Italian cassa from Latin capsa ‘box’ (source of English case). It was not until the mid 18th century that this underlying sense died out, leaving the secondary ‘money’ (which had already developed before the word entered English). Cashier ‘person in charge of money’ [16] is a derivative, coming from French caissier or perhaps from Dutch cassier, but the verb cashier ‘dismiss’ [16] is completely unrelated. It comes from Dutch casseren, a borrowing from Old French casser ‘discharge, annul’. This in turn goes back to Latin quassāre ‘break up’, source of English quash. ® case

(onions) cash¹ †money-box; money. xvi (Nashe, Sh.). -F. †casse, or its source It. cassa :- L. capsa case².      

(American Heritage) cash¹ (kǎsh) n. 1. Money in the form of bills or coins; currency. 2. Payment for goods or services in currency or by check. — v. tr. cashed, cash·ing, cash·es. To exchange for or convert into ready money: cash a check; cash in one’s gambling chips. —phrasal verbs. cash in. 1. To withdraw from a venture by or as if by settling one’s account. 2. Informal. To obtain a profit or other advantage by timely exploitation: Profiteers cashed in during the gasoline shortage. 3. Slang. To die. cash out. To dispose of a long-held asset for profit: Hard-pressed farmers are tempted to cash out by selling their valuable land. [Obsolete French casse, money box (from Norman French); see case², or from Italian cassa (from Latin capsa, case).] —cashʹless adj.

cash² (kǎsh) n. pl. cash. Any of various Asian coins of small denomination, especially a copper and lead coin with a square hole in its center. [Portuguese caixa, from Tamil k7cu, a small coin.

(OED) Cash

Etymons: French casse; Italian cassa.

< French casse ‘a box, case, chest, to carrie or kepe wares in, also a Marchants cash or counter’ (Cotgrave), or its source Italian cassa ‘a chest,..also, a merchants cashe or counter’ (Florio 1598) < Latin capsa coffer, case n.1 Modern French has caisse, Spanish caxa, Portuguese caixa: the phonetic history of the English word is not clear; the earliest known instances have cash; the sense ‘money’ also occurs notably early, seeing that it is not in the other languages.

1. † 

1.a. A chest or box for money; a cash-box, till.

1.b. † A sum of money. Obsolete.

2. Money; in the form of coin, ready money.

2.a. Formerly in literary and general use; but now only commercial (see 2b), or consciously used as a sort of commercial slang.

2.b. As a term of banking and commerce, used to signify, in its strictest sense, specie; also, less strictly, bank-notes which can at once be converted into specie, and are therefore taken as ‘cash’, in opposition to bills or other securities. Also in the phrases ready cash, cash in hand. cash on delivery: applied to the forwarding of goods to order, payment being made to the carrier or postman when the goods are delivered. Abbreviated C.O.D.

2.c. † Minted coin, current coin. Obsolete.

2.d. It is also the regular term for ‘money’ in Book-keeping. See cash-account n.

2.e. Phrases. out of cash, in cash.

2.f. cash down noun

(down adv. I.7a): ready money. Originally U.S.

2.g. cash and carry, a system whereby the purchaser pays cash for goods and takes them away himself or herself. Usually attributive. Also elliptical, a shop or supermarket operating on this system. spec. used with reference to purchases of arms from the U.S. in the period immediately before 1941. Also, cash and carry away. Originally U.S.

3. Applied adjectively to (a) commodities purchasable for cash,(b) tradesmen or commercial houses doing business for ready money only. Cf. cash-salen., etc., above.

(Online Etymology) cash (n.) 1590s, "money box;" also "money in hand, coin," from French caisse "money box" (16c.), from Provençal caissa or Italian cassa, from Latin capsa "box" (see case (n.2)); originally the money box, but by 18c. the secondary sense of the money in it became sole meaning.

Like many financial terms in English (bankrupt, etc.), it has an Italian heritage. Not related to (but influencing the form of) the colonial British cash "Indian monetary system, Chinese coin, etc.," which is from Tamil kasu, Sanskrit karsha, Sinhalese kasi.

cash - கலைச்சொற்கள்

cash balance book - பணஇருப்பு-ஏடு; cash price – பணவிலை; bank cash – வைப்பகப்பணம்; cashier-in-charge - பொறுப்புக் காசாளர்; cash book – பணக்குறிப்பேடு; cash receipt – பணப்பேற்றோலை; cash certificate – பணச்சான்றிதழ்; cash recovery – பணப்பிடிப்பு; cash credit accommodation - பணக்கடன் வசதி; cash reserve – காசொதுக்கம்; cash credit limit - பொருளீட்டுக் கடன் வரம்பு; cash in hand – கையிருப்புத்தொகை; cash scroll – பணப்பட்டியல்; cashless society - பணமாற்றிலாக் குமுகம்; cash crop – பணப்பயிர்; cash summary - பணத்தொகுப்புக் குறிப்பு; encashment - பணமாக மாற்றல்; cash memo – பணக்குறிப்பு; cash deposit - பண வைப்பு; cash advance – முன்பணம்; cash transfer clearance – பணமாற்றுத்தீர்வு; cash down payment - உடனடித் தொகைசெலுத்தம்; cash on hand – கையிருப்புப்பணம்; cash bag – பணப்பை; cashier – காசாளர்; cash payment - தொகை வழங்கல்; balance cash - பண – இருப்பு; cash-bill – பணப்பட்டி; cash purchase – பணக்கொள்முதல்; bankʼscash scroll – வைப்பகப்பணப்பட்டியல்; cash box – பணப்பேழை; cash received book – பணவரவுப்புத்தகம்; cash credit – பணக்கடன்; cash remittance – பணச்செலுத்தம்; cashierment – பணிநீக்கம்; cash credit agreement - பொருளீட்டுக் கடன்-உடன்பாடு; cash sale - உடன்-பண விற்பனை; cash credit register - பொருளீட்டுக் கடன்-பதிவேடு; cash in transit – இடைவழிப்பணம்; cash security – பணப்பிணை; cash department – காசுத்துறை; cash management – பணமேலாண்மை; cash account – பணக்கணக்கு; cash system – பணமுறைமை; cash discount - பணத் தள்ளுபடி; cashmere tree – குமிழ்தேக்கு; cash analysis book - பணப்பகுப்பு-ஏடு; cash order – காசாணை; cash value – பணமதிப்பு; cash flow statement - பணவோட்ட விளம்பறிக்கை.

அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி (2002 -

cash-credit - பொருளகத்தில் சில்லறைக் கடன் வாய்ப்பு அளிப்பதற்குரிய தனிக் கணக்கீடு; cash-price - கைப்பண விலை, ரொக்க விலை; cash-register - வாணிகக்களங்களின் இடுபணக் கணக்குப் பொறி; cash counter - பணம் வழங்கறை, பட்டுவாடா அறை, பணம் வழங்குமிடம்; cash-book - பண வரவு செலவுக் குறிப்பேடு; cash-payment - நாணயப்பணம் கொடுத்தல், பொருளக முறிக்குப் பணம் கொடுத்தல்; cash-railway - வாணிக நிலையங்களில் வாடிக்கை மேடையிலிருந்து பெட்டியடிக்குப் பணம் சேர்க்கும் பொறி, காசுய்க்கும் பொறி; cash-account - பணவகைக் கணக்கு, ரொக்கக் கணக்கு, பொருளகத்தில் சில்லறைக்கடன் வாய்ப்பு அளிப்பதற்கான தனிக் கணக்கேடு.

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் (2010)

cash items - பண வகைகள், பண உருப்படிகள்; cash journal - பண நடவடிக்கைக் குறிப்பேடு; cash abstract - பண இருப்புச் சுருக்கக் குறிப்பு, பண இருப்புத் தொகுப்புக் கணக்கு; cash, balance – இருப்புத்தொகை; in cash or kind - பணமாகவோ அல்லது பொருளாகவோ; cash – chest - பணப் பெட்டகம்; cash plan – பணத்திட்டம்; cash reserves - ரொக்க ஒதுக்கீடு; ledger cash - பேரேட்டுப் பணம்; compulsory cash reserve - கட்டாயத் தொகையிருப்பு, கட்டாயப் பணஇருப்பு; cash transfer clearing - பணமாற்றுத் தீர்வு; cash flow matching - பணப்பாய்வு இணைநிலை; target cash balance - இலக்கு பணக் கையிருப்பு; cash market - பணச் சந்தை, உடனடிச் சந்தை; cash cycle - பணச் சுழற்சி; cash wages - பண ஊதியம்; incremental cash flows - கூடுதல் பணப்பாய்வு; cash credit form - பொருளீட்டுக் கடன் படிவம்; cash flow per common share - பங்கொன்றுக்கான பணப்பாய்வு; transfer of cash - பண மாற்றுகை; cash on delivery (cod) - ஒப்படைப்பின் பேரில் தொகை; pay cash stamp - பணம் செலுத்த முத்திரை; equivalent annual cash flow - சரிசம ஆண்டாண்டு காசுப் பாய்வு மதிப்பு; bonus, cash - மீதூதியத் தொகை; scheduled cash flows - அட்டவணை பணப்பாய்வுகள்; cash out – பணமின்மை; daily cash memorandum - அன்றாடத் தொகைக் குறிப்பு; book, cash balance - தொகை இருப்புப் புத்தகம்; statement of cash flows - பணப்பாய்வுப் பட்டியல்; petty cash expenditure - சில்லறைச் செலவினம்; digital cash - எண்ணியல்/மின் இலக்க ரொக்கம்; book, petty cash - சில்லறைச் செலவுப் புத்தகம்; cash basis - தொகை அடிப்படை, பண அடிப்படை; cash ratio - தொகை-நடப்பு பொறுப்புகள் விகிதம்; petty cash slip - சில்லறைத் தொகைக் கணக்குச் சீட்டு; cash-surrender value - காப்புறுதி மீட்புத்தொகை மதிப்பு; subsidiary cash book - பணத் துணைப்பதிவேடு; account, branch cash balance - கிளைப் பணக்கையிருப்புக் கணக்கு; cash, net - நிகரத்தொகை (பணம்); ready cash - கைப் பணம்; cash reserve ratio - பண இருப்பு விகிதம்; account, sub-office cash balance - துணை அலுவலகக் கையிருப்புத் தொகைக் கணக்கு; cash burn rate - தொகை வரவுக்கு மேல் எழும் செலவு வீதம்; cash flow break-even point - பணப்பாய்வு சமநிலை; centralization of cash reserves - பண இருப்புகளை மையப்படுத்துதல்; paid in cash - தொகையாகச் செலுத்திய; cash settlement contracts - பண இரிவு/தீர்வு ஒப்பந்தங்கள்; net cash balance - நிகர பணக்கையிருப்பு; cash conversion cycle - பணமாக்கச் சுழற்சிக்காலம்; cash flow forecast - பணப்பாய்வு முன்கணிப்பு; unbundling of cash flows - பலகணக்குப் பணபாய்வு வரம்பு நீக்கல்; cash liquidation distribution - பணக்கலைப்பு பரவல்; discounted cash flow - தற்கால மதிப்புக்குத் தள்ளுபடி செய்யப்பட்ட பணப் பாய்வு; cash transaction - பணமாற்ற வினை; columnar cash book - பத்தியாய் அமைந்த காசேடு; cash cows - பணம் தரும் பசு, காமதேனு; cash flow management - பணப்பாய்வு மேலாண்மை; writing cash-secured puts - பண ஈடுள்ள வைப்பு விருப்ப வணிகம் எழுதுதல்; cash management bill - பண மேலாண்மைச் சீட்டு; loan by way of cash credit - பொருளீட்டு வழிக் கடன்; discretionary cash flow - தன்தேர்வு காசுப்பாய்வு; three column cash book - மூன்று பத்தி பண ஏடு; cash method - பண முறை; cash credit bond - பொருளீட்டுக் கடன் பத்திரம்; cash flow measurement - பணப்பாய்வு அளவை; cash-equivalent items - பண நிகர் இனங்கள்; free cash flow - கட்டுப்பாடற்ற காசுப்பாய்வு; bank’s cash scroll - வங்கிப் பணப் பட்டியல்; cash accounting - ரொக்கக் கணக்கியல், பணக்கணக்கு; cash deficiency agreement - பணப் பற்றாக்குறை உடன்படிக்கை; payable in cash - பணமாய்த் தரத்தகு; cash flow return on investment - முதலீட்டின் மீதான பணப்பாய்வு விகிதம்; sale, cash - பண விற்பனை; expected future cash flows - எதிர்நோக்கு பணப் பாய்வுகள்; book, cash analysis - தொகை பகுப்புப் புத்தகம்; cash asset ratio - பணம்-சொத்து விகிதம்; petty cash book - சில்லறைத் தொகை ஏடு; cash flow time line - பண காலக்கோடு; share holder’s cash book - பங்குக்காரர் பணப் பதிவேடு; book, clean cash - தொகை அடங்கல் ஏடு; cash dividend - பணப் பங்காதாயம்; deposit, cash - ரொக்க வைப்பு; statement-of-cash-flows method - பணப்பாய்வு முறை அறிக்கை; cash rate - பணவிலை வீதம்; petty cash receipts - சில்லறைத் தொகை பற்றுச் சீட்டுகள்; cash bonus - பண மீதூதியம்; cash earnings - பண ஈட்டம்; discount, cash - தொகைக் கழிவு; book, postages and petty cash - அஞ்சல், சில்லறைச் செலவுப் புத்தகம்; symmetric cash matching - சமச்சீர் பண இணக்கம்; cash remittances - பணம் அனுப்புதல்கள்; petty cash voucher - சில்லறைத் தொகைச் சான்றாவணம்; cash, against – பணத்திற்கெதிராக; cash flow after interest and taxes - வரி, வட்டி போக பணப்பாய்வு; account, cash credit - காசுக்கடன் கணக்கு, பொருளீட்டுக் கடன் கணக்கு; cash budget - பணப் பாதீடு; ring the cash register - இலாபம் எடுத்தல்; cash, value added - மதிப்புக்கூட்டிய பணம்; authorized cash balance - அதிகாரம் பெற்ற தொகை இருப்பு; cash chest - பணப்பெட்டி, பண அறை; cash flow coverage ratio - பணப்பாய்வு உள்ளடக்கக் கூறு; cash surrender value - பண ஒப்புவிப்பு மதிப்பு; nominal cash flow - இயல்புப் பணப்பாய்வு; clean cash book - பிழையிலா தொகை அடங்கல் ஏடு; cash flow from operations - நடைமுறைப் பணப்பாய்வு; verification of cash - பணத்தைச் சரிபார்த்தல்; electronic cash register - மின்னணு பண பதிவேடு; cash crops - பணப் பயிர்கள்; farm cash record - பண்ணை பணப்பதிவு ஏடு; analytical petty cash book - பாகுபாட்டுச் சில்லறைச் செலவுக் காசேடு; cash at bank - வங்கியிலுள்ள ரொக்கம்; spot cash - உடனடிப் பணம்; pro - forma cash flow statement - பணப்புழக்க விவரப் பட்டியல்; purchase, cash - ரொக்கக் கொள்முதல்; misappropriation of cash - பணம் கையாடல்; balance, cash - ரொக்க இருப்பு; cash bank balance - ரொக்க வங்கியிருப்பு; sales, cash - ரொக்க விற்பனை; petty cash - சில்லறை ரொக்கம்; prompt cash - தவணைப் பணம்; net cash - நிகர ரொக்கம்; cash flow - பணப் பாய்வு.

கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி, தொகுதி 1 -

cash on delivery - பணகொடுபாடு ப; கொ; closing cash balance - முடிவு பண இருப்பு; closing entries- முடிவு பதிவுகள்; cash against document - ஆவணத்திற்கெதிராகப் பணம், ஆஎப: ஏற்றுமதி செய்யப்படும் சரக்குகளுக்குரிய செலுத்து நிபந்தனைகள், இறக்குமதி செய்பவர் பணம் செலுத்தி இவ்வுண்டியலைப் பெற்றுக் கப்பல் சரக்குகளை எடுத்துக்கொள்வர்; cash book, features of - பணஏட்டின் இயல்புகள்; cash cow - பண காமதேன் நன்கு புகழ்பெற்ற வாணிபப் பொருள் எ-டு; ஆர்லிக்ஸ்; net cash price - நிகர பணவிலை; cash sales – பணவிற்பனை; columnar petty cash book - சில்லறை பண ஏடு commerce – வணிகவியல்; cash book, kinds of - பண ஏட்டின் வகைகள்; cash deal - பண வரவு செலவு; cash management account - பணமேலாண்மைக் கணக்கு: வழக்கமாகப் பண அங்காடியில் ஒரு வங்கி தன் வைப்பு நிதிகளை முதலீடு செய்யுங்கணக்கு;  இது ஒரு காசோலைக் கணக்கு.

வணிகவியல் அகராதி (1994)