கருவி-allegory

Aggregate 

(Skeat) aggregate, to collect together. (L.) Aggregate occurs in Sir Τ. Elyot, The Governour, b. iii. c. 22. [The Mid. Eng. has the form aggreggen, which is like the F. agréger (which see in Brachet), and occurs in Chaucer’s Melibeus; but this aggreggen is really distinct from agréger, and represents O. F. agregier, to aggravate.]  =Lat. aggregare, to collect into a flock. —Lat. ad (ag- before g); gregare, to collect a flock. —Lat. grex (stem greg-), a flock. See Gregarious. Der. aggregate, pp. as adj. or sb.; aggregate-ly, aggregat-ion.

(Chambers) aggregate adj. About 1400 aggregat collected into a mass, borrowed from Latin aggregātus, past participle of aggregāre add to (ag- to, variant of ad- before g + grex. genitive gregis flock, herd, see gregarious); for suffix see -ate¹. —v. Probably before 1400, in Wycliffe's writings, borrowed from Latin aggregātus. -n. Before 1425, in Wycliffe's sermons, borrowed from Latin aggregatum, neuter past participle of aggregare. -aggregation n. Probably before 1425, borrowed through Middle French agrégation, or directly from Medieval Latin aggregationem (nominative aggre- gatio), from Latin aggregāre; for suffix see -tion.

(John Ayto) aggregate [15] Etymologically, aggregate contains the notion of a collection of animals. It comes from greg-, the stem of the Latin noun grex ‘flock, herd’ (also the source of gregarious). This formed the basis of a verb aggregāre ‘collect together’, whose past participle aggregātus passed into English as aggregate. Latin grex is related to Greek agorā ‘open space, market place’, from which English gets agoraphobia. ® agoraphobia, egregious, gregarious, segregate

(Onions) aggregate æ·grigeit collected into one body (now techn.) xv; sb. - ǝt sum total, entire mass xv. - L. aggregātus, pp. of aggregāre, f. ad AG-+greg-, grex flock (cf. Gregarious). So a·ggregate -eit vb. (see -ate³), aggrega'tion xv.

(American Heritage) ag·gre·gate adj. 1. Constituting or amounting to a whole; total: aggregate sales in that market. 2. Botany. Crowded or massed into a dense cluster. 3. Composed of a mixture of minerals separable by mechanical means. — n. 1. A total considered with reference to its constituent parts; a gross amount: “An empire is the aggregate of many states under one common head” (Edmund Burke). 2. The mineral materials, such as sand or stone, used in making concrete. — v. tr. ag·gre·gat·ed, ag·gre·gat·ing, ag·gre·gates. 1. To gather into a mass, sum, or whole. 2. To amount to; total. —idiom. in the aggregate. Taken into account as a whole: Unit sales for December amounted in the aggregate to 100,000. [Middle English aggregat, from Latin aggregātus, past participle of aggregāre, to add to: ad-, ad- + gregāre, to collect (from grex, greg-, flock); see ger- in Appendix.] - aggregation n.

(OED) aggregate

forms:  Middle English agregat, Middle English 1600s aggregat, Middle English– aggregate, 1500s–1700s agregate.

origin: A borrowing from Latin.

etymons: Latin aggregātus, aggregāre.

etymology: < classical Latin aggregātus (also 1687 or earlier in post-classical Latin in botanical use), past participle of aggregāre aggregate v. Compare later aggregated adj. With the specific uses as adjective in botany, geology, and zoology (see senses A. 3, A. 4, and A. 5) compare the corresponding uses of French agrégé, adjective and noun (a1778 as adjective in botanical use, in the source translated in quot. 1785 at sense A. 3; 1830 or earlier (in Cuvier) as noun in zoological use; 1845 as adjective in geological use). With the use as noun compare post-classical Latin aggregatum (neuter) group of words (c1444 in a British source), Middle French aggregat, French agrégat sum (1556 in an apparently isolated attestation), complex whole, mass, or body formed by the union of numerous units or particles (1745).

1. adj.
2. a. Constituted by the collection of many particles or units into one body, mass, or amount; collective, whole, total.
3. Law. Composed of many individuals united into one association.
4. Grammar. Collective.
5. Botany. Of parts of a plant: collected into one mass; spec. (a) (of a flower) consisting of multiple florets united within a common calyx or involucre, as in scabious, honeysuckle, and valerian; (b) (of a fruit) developed from multiple carpels in a single flower and forming a united cluster of small fruits (berries, druplets, etc.), as a blackberry or raspberry.
6. Geology. Originally: composed of distinct minerals closely adhering or combined together (now rare). In later use: consisting of closely joined crystals; polycrystalline. Cf. sense B. 3 and aggregated adj. 3.
7. Biology. Consisting of or derived from distinct organisms united to form a compound organism or colony. Also in figurative contexts.
8. Taxonomy. Designating an aggregate (sense B. 5); constituting or considered as an aggregate.
9. n.
10. A complex whole, mass, or body formed by the union of numerous units or particles; an assemblage, a collection.
11. A combined sum, sum total; (also) an aggregate score.
12. Geology. A rock or other deposit composed of distinct minerals closely adhering or combined together.
13. Taxonomy. A group of several closely related and morphologically similar species formerly (and still occasionally for convenience) not distinguished from each other. Opposed to segregate n. 2.
14. Building. Gravel, sand, slag or the like added to a binding agent to form concrete, macadam, etc.
15. Metallurgy. An alloy containing two or more different allotropes of a metal.

(Online Etymology) aggregate (adj.) c. 1400, from Latin aggregatus "associated, united," past participle of aggregare "add to (a flock), lead to a flock, bring together (in a flock)," figuratively "attach, join, include; collect, bring together," from ad "to" (see ad-) + gregare "to collect into a flock, gather," from grex (genitive gregis) "a flock" (from PIE root *ger- "to gather").

aggregate (v.) c. 1400, "bring together in a sum or mass," from Latin aggregatus, past participle of aggregare "attach, join, include; collect, bring together," literally "bring together in a flock," from assimilated form of ad "to" (see ad-) + gregare "to collect into a flock, gather," from grex (genitive gregis) "a flock" (from PIE root *ger- "to gather"). The intransitive meaning "come together in a sum or mass" is from 1855. Related: Aggregated; aggregating.

aggregate (n.) "number of persons, things, etc., regarded as a unit," early 15c., from Latin noun use of adjective aggregatum, neuter of aggregatus "associated, united," literally "united in a flock" (see aggregate (adj.)).

Aggregate -கலைச்சொற்கள்         

data aggregate                       தரவுக்கணத்திரள்         

de-aggregation                        திரட்சி நீக்கம்    

coarse aggregate                    கரட்டுக்கல்-திரள்         

corporation aggregate             திரள்நிறுவகம்   

crystalline aggregate               படிகத்திரள்       

aggregate                               கூட்டுமொத்தம் 

aggregate                               மொத்தம் 

aggregate analysis                  மொத்தப் பகுப்பாய்வு   

aggregate area                       மொத்தப் பரப்பு 

aggregate contractual-liability  மொத்த ஒப்பந்தக் கடப்பாடு   

aggregate demand                  மொத்தத் தேவை

aggregate emolument             மொத்தப் பணியூதியம்  

aggregate fruit                        பூத்திரள் கனி     

aggregate income                   மொத்த வருமானம்       

aggregate increase                 மொத்த உயர்வு 

aggregate indemnity               மொத்த ஈட்டுறுதி        

aggregate money income        மொத்தப் பணவருமானம்        

aggregate motion                    திரளியக்கம்       

aggregate of drupe                 உள்ளோட்டுச் சதைகனித் திரள்                                             

aggregate of follicle                 ஒருபுற வெடிகனித் திரள்        

aggregate pay                        மொத்த உழைப்பூதியம்

aggregate rays                       திரள்கதிர்கள்     

aggregate value                      மொத்த மதிப்பு  

                                                   -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

natural aggregate                    இயற்கைச் சல்லி

light weight aggregate             எடைகுறை சல்லி         

grading of aggregate               கலவைப்பொருள் தரம் பிரித்தல்                                             

fine aggregate                         நுண் சல்லி        

coarse aggregate                    பருஞ்சால்லி      

aggregate                               சல்லி      

aggregate bin                         சல்லி ஓரை        

aggregate interlock                 சாந்திடை சல்லி 

angular aggregate                   கூர் கற்கள்        

-அறிவியல் கலைச்சொல்லகராதி

aggregate                               திரள், கூட்டு, கும்பு      

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

bounded aggregate                 வரம்புறு திரள்   

aggregate                               திரள், மொத்தம் 

aggregate index number         திரள் குறியீட்டு எண்    

aggregation                             திரள்வு    

aggregate                               மொத்தம், கூட்டு

aggregate expenditure method      மொத்தச் செலவீட்டு முறை     

aggregate index number         மொத்தக் குறியீட்டெண்         

alkali-aggregate reaction         காரத்திரள் வினை        

aggregate                               திரள், கூட்டு, மொத்தமாக்கு, கொண்டுகூட்டு                      

aggregate income                   மொத்த வருவாய், திரண்ட வருவாய்                                             

aggregate value                      மொத்த மதிப்பு, திரண்ட மதிப்பு                                             

aggregate                               நிகர மொத்தம்   

corporation, aggregate            கூட்டுக் குழுமம் 

aggregate                               தொகுப்பு, திரள் 

aggregate demand                  தொகு தேவை   

aggregate supply                    தொகு அளிப்பு  

output aggregate                     மொத்த வெளியீடு       

investment, aggregate             திரள் முதலீடு    

demand, aggregate                 மொத்தத் தேவை, திரள் தேவை                                             

consumption, aggregate          தொகு(திரள்) நுகர்வு    

aggregate (adj)                       தொகு, திரள், மொத்த  

aggregate analysis                  மொத்தப் பகுப்பாய்வு, தொகுப் பகுப்பாய்வு                            

aggregate area                       மொத்தப் பரப்பு, தொகு மண்டலம்                                             

aggregate average                  மொத்தச் சராசரி, தொகு நிரவல் (மதிப்பு)                                 

aggregate contractual liability  மொத்த ஒப்பந்தக் கடப்பாடு, தொகு ஒப்பந்த நெறி                         

aggregate demand                  ஒட்டுமொத்தத் தேவை, தொகு தேவை                                  

aggregate emoluments           மொத்த ஊதியம், தொகு ஊதியம்                                             

aggregate exercise price

(options related)                      மொத்தச் செயல்படு விலை, தொகுச் செயல் விலை         

aggregate income                   மொத்த வருமானம், தொகு வருமானம்                             

aggregate increase                 மொத்த உயர்வு, தொகு உயர்வு                                             

aggregate indemnity               மொத்த ஈட்டுறுதி, தொகு ஈட்டுறுதி                                             

aggregate index number formula    மொத்தக் குறியீட்டெண் வாய்பாடு, தொகு சுட்டெண் வாய்பாடு         

aggregate money income        மொத்தப் பண வருமானம், தொகு பண வருமானம்                      

aggregate pay                        மொத்தச் சம்பளம், தொகுச் சம்பளம்                                             

aggregate planning                 ஒட்டுமொத்த திட்டமிடல்        

aggregate statistics                 மொத்தப் புள்ளிவிவரம்

aggregate supply                    மொத்த வழங்கல், மொத்த அளிப்பு                                             

aggregate value                      மொத்த மதிப்பு, தொகு மதிப்பு

variable retention (dispersed,                                               

aggregate)                              மாறும் நிறுத்திவைப்பு 

aggregate (adj)                       கொத்தான, திரளான    

aggregate fruit                        திரள்கனி, கூட்டுக்கனி 

soil aggregate                         மண் பரல்

aggregate                               கூட்டுத்தொகுதி 

fine aggregate                         நுண்சல்லி, மணல்        

cell aggregation                      செல் கூட்டமாதல்        

aggregate fruit                        ஒற்றைப் பூத்திரள் கனி 

ceramic aggregate                  வெங்களித் திரள்

coarse aggregate                    பருஞ்சல்லி        

bounded aggregate                 வரம்புள்ள தொகுதி      

aggregate                               சல்லி, கூட்டு     

aggregate                               திரள்       

aggregate index number         திரள் குறியீட்டெண்     

aggregate interlock                 சல்லி அகப்பிணைவு    

aggregate recoil                      அணுத்திரள் பின்னுதைப்பு     

aggregate structure                 சிறுபடிகத் திரளமைப்பு

aggregate, concrete                கற்காரைச் சல்லி

alkali-aggregate reaction         கார - சல்லி வினை      

lightweight aggregate              அடர்குறை சல்லி         

fine aggregate                         நுண் சல்லி, மணல்       

separated aggregate               பிரித்த திரள்      

single-sized aggregate            ஒற்றை அளவுத்திரள்    

data aggregate                       தரவுத் திரட்டு    

aggregate operator                 மொத்தமாக்கு செயற்குறி        

aggregate                               திரள், திரண்ட   

aggregate fruit                        திரள் கனி, கூட்டுக்கனி

aggregate stability                   மண்ணின் குருணைகளை வலுவாக்குதல்                        

fine aggregate                         நுண் சல்லி (மணல்)     

coarse aggregate                    பெருஞ்சல்லி     

aggregate                               மொத்தம், கூட்டு, திரள்

aggregate capacity planning    கூட்டுத்திறன் திட்டமிடல்       

aggregate demand                  மொத்தக் கோரிக்கை    

aggregate structure                 கொவ்வை அமைப்பு    

aggregate wage                      மொத்தக் கூலி   

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

Aggregate                               ஒரினத்திரள்      

                                                   - கலைச்சொல் விளக்க அகராதி - (2002)

agg`regate                              கூட்டுத் தொகுதி

                                                   -வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

Aggregate                               மண் துகள்கள் கட்டமைப்பு     

Aggregate                               திரண்ட   

                                                   -வேளாண்மைக் கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி - (2003)

AGGREGATION 

(Chambers) Aggregation See Aggregate

(American Heritage) Aggregation See Aggregate 

(OED) aggregation

forms: late Middle English aggregacioun, late Middle English agregacion, late Middle English agregacioun, 1500s aggregacion, 1500s– aggregation, 1600s agregation.

origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin.

etymons: French aggregation; Latin aggregation-, aggregatio.

etymology: < (i) Middle French aggregation (French agrégation, †aggregation) gathering, assemblage, collection (1375; 1680 in sense 3), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin aggregation-, aggregatio action of gathering into a mass (c400), action of adding, assemblage, union (6th cent.) < classical Latin aggregāt-, past participial stem of aggregāre < aggregate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare aggregate n.

1. The action or process of collecting particles into a mass, or particulars into a whole; collection, assemblage, union. Also: the action or process of adding one particle to one already added, or to an amount, etc. Frequently attributive.
2. concrete.
3. A whole composed of many individuals; a mass formed by the union of distinct particles; a gathering, assemblage, collection.
4. Originally and chiefly North American. A number of people associated in some joint activity, esp. a troupe, band of performers, or sports team.
5. The adding of a person, etc., to an association as a member; admission, affiliation.
6. The state of being aggregated, assembled, or united into a whole; aggregate condition.
7. Biology. A group or colony consisting of a number of separate individuals joined together or in close proximity; the process by which organisms come together in this way.

(Online Etymology) aggregation (n.) early 15c., aggregacioun, originally in medicine (Chauliac), "formation of a pustule," from Medieval Latin aggregationem (nominative aggregatio), noun of action from past-participle stem of Latin aggregare "collect, bring together," from ad "to" (see ad-) + gregare "to collect into a flock, gather," from grex (genitive gregis) "a flock" (from PIE root *ger- "to gather"). From 1540s as "a combined whole;" by 1560s as "act of collecting in an unorganized mass."

Aggregation -கலைச்சொற்கள்                       

aggregation                             கூட்டச்சேர்க்கை

                                                   -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

aggregation                             மொத்தம், திரட்சி         

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

Aggregation                            திரண்டு  

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் அகராதி

aggregation                             திரட்சி    

aggregation                             கோரிக்கை நிறைவேற்றச் செயல்முனைவு (கட்சிகள்)      

aggregation of projects          துறைவாரியான முதலீட்டு திட்டங்களின் மொத்தத் தொகை

aggregation                             ஒருங்கிணைதல், கூட்டமாதல் 

aggregation hormone              இனக்கவர்ச்சி இயக்குநீர்        

cluster aggregation                  துகள் கொத்துத்திரட்சி 

heat of aggregation                 திரள் வெப்பம்   

diffusion-limited aggregation    விரவல் வரம்புரு திரளாக்கம்   

aggregation                             திரட்சி, தொகுப்புக் கூட்டம்    

aggregation pheromone          திரள் புறஇசைமம்        

aggregation                             ஒன்றுசேர்தல், திரளுதல்         

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

Aggregation                            தொகுப்பு கூட்டம்        

                     -வேளாண்மைக் கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி - (2003)

AGORA 

(Chambers) agora n. marketplace of an ancient Greek city. 1598, in Hakluyt's Voyages, borrowed from Greek agorấ marketplace, place of assembly, from ageírein to gather together, related to Latin grex (genitive gregis) flock. Greek ageírein is built on a stem ager-, a com- pound of a- (from Indo-European n@-, weak form of en in) + ger- (Indo-European ger- gather, Pok. 382).

(John Ayto) agora  See Aggregate 

(American Heritage) ag·o·ra¹ n. pl. ag·o·rae or ag·o·ras. A place of congregation, especially an ancient Greek marketplace. [Greek. See ger- in Appendix.]

(OED) Agora

origin: A borrowing from Latin.

etymon: Latin agora.

etymology: < post-classical Latin agora (1508 or earlier) < ancient Greek ἀγορά assembly, place of assembly, marketplace < an ablaut variant (o- grade) of the stem of ἀγείρειν to gather together (probably related to ancient Greek γάργαρα heaps, lots, Byzantine Greek γέργερα lots) + -ά -a suffix¹.

1. A public open space where people can assemble, esp. a marketplace, originally in the ancient Greek world; the structures enclosing such a space.
2. In extended use: an assembly for discussion or decision; (hence) any environment or world of social intercourse, exchange, or commercial dealings. Cf. marketplace n. 2, 3.

(Online Etymology) agora (n.) 1590s, "open assembly place, chief public square and marketplace of a town; popular political assembly held in such a place," from Greek agora "an assembly of the People" (as opposed to a council of Chiefs); "the place of assembly; a marketplace" (the typical spot for such an assembly), from ageirein "to assemble" (from PIE root *ger- "to gather").

Agora -கலைச்சொற்கள்               

agora                                      கூடுமிடம், அம்பலம்     

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

agora                                      பேரவை, மன்றம்

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

AGORAPHOBIA 

(Chambers) agoraphobia n. fear of public places and unfamiliar situations. 1873, coined by German psychiatrist Carl Westphal in 1871 as German Agoraphobie, formed from Greek agorấ marketplace +-phobíā fear.

(John Ayto) agoraphobia [19] Agoraphobia – fear of open spaces or, more generally, of simply being out of doors – is first referred to in an 1873 issue of the Journal of Mental Science; this attributes the term to Dr C Westphal, and gives his definition of it as ‘the fear of squares or open places’. This would be literally true, since the first element in the word represents Greek agorá ‘open space, typically a market place, used for public assemblies’ (the most celebrated in the ancient world was the Agora in Athens, rivalled only by the Forum in Rome). The word agorá came from ageirein ‘assemble’, which is related to Latin grex ‘flock’, the source of English gregarious. Agoraphobia was not the first of the -phobias. That honour goes to hydrophobia in the mid 16th century. But that was an isolated example, and the surge of compounds based on Greek phóbos ‘fear’ really starts in the 19^th century. At first it was used for symptoms of physical illness (photophobia ‘abnormal sensitivity to light’ 1799), for aversions to other nationalities (Gallophobia 1803; the synonymous Francophobia does not appear until 1887), and for facetious formations (dustophobia, Robert Southey, 1824), and the range of specialized psychological terms familiar today does not begin to appear until the last quarter of the century (claustrophobia 1879, acrophobia ‘fear of heights’ from Greek akros ‘topmost’ – see acrobat – 1892). ® aggregate, allegory, gregarious, segregate

(Onions) agoraphobia morbid dread of public places. xix. modL., irreg. f. Gr. Agorā (place of) assembly, market-place, rel. to L. grex flock; see gregarious, -phobia.  

(American Heritage) ag·o·ra·pho·bi·a n. An abnormal fear of open or public places. [Greek agora, market place; see ger- in Appendix + -phobia.]

(OED) Agoraphobia 

origin: A borrowing from German.

etymon: German Agoraphobie.

etymology: < German Agoraphobie (C. Westphal 1871, in Archiv f. Psychiatrie 3 138; < ancient Greek ἀγορά agora n.¹ + German -phobie -phobia comb. form), with remodelling of the ending after words in -ia suffix¹.

Medicine.

Fear of entering open or crowded places, of leaving one's own home, or of being in places from which escape is difficult; an anxiety disorder characterized by this, often accompanied by the occurrence of panic attacks.

(Online Etymology) agoraphobia (n.) "fear of crossing open spaces," 1873, from German Agorophobie, coined 1871 by Berlin psychiatrist Carl Westphal from Greek agora "place of assembly, city market" (but here with the general sense "open space;" see agora) + -phobia "fear." Related: Agoraphobe; agoraphobic.

Agoraphobia -கலைச்சொற்கள்     

agoraphobia                            வெளித் தனிமையச்சம்  

                                                   -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

agoraphobia                            திடல் மருட்சி     

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

agoraphobia                            திறந்தவெளி அச்சம்     

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

ALLEGORY 

(Skeat) allegory, a kind of parable. (F., -Gk.) The pl. allegories occurs in Tyndal’s Prol. to Leviticus, and Sir Τ. More’s Works, p. 1041a. -F. allegorie, an allegory; Cot. - Lat. allegoria, borrowed from Greek, in the Vulgate version of Galat. iv. 24. —Gk. ἀλληγορία, a description of one thing under the image of another. —Gk. ἀλλ- ηγορεῖν, to speak so as to imply something else. Gk. ἄλλο-, stem of ἄλλοs, another; and ἀγορεύειν, to speak, a verb formed from ἀγορά, a place of assembly, which again is from ἀγείρειν, to assemble. The prefix d- appears to answer to Skt. sa, together, and -γείρειν implies a root GAR; see Fick, i. 73. Der. allegor-ic, allegor-ic-al, allegor-ic-al-ly, allegor-ise, allegor-ist.

(Chambers) allegory n. story with an underlying mean- ing. About 1384, in the Wycliffe Bible, probably borrowed from Latin allēgoria, from Greek allēgoríā, from allēgoreîn speak otherwise than one seems to speak, (állos another, different + agoreúein speak openly, from agorā public place, agora); for suffix see -y³.

The word appears in Old French about 250 years before the Wycliffe translation and may have been used by English writers before his time. -allegorical adj. 1528, in Tyndale's Obedience of a Christian Man, from earlier allegoric (about 1395, in a later version of Wycliffe's translation of the Bible), borrowed from Latin allēgoricus, from Greek allēgorikós, from allē- goríā; for suffix see -ical.

(John Ayto) allegory [14] Etymologically, allegory means ‘speaking otherwise’. It comes from a Greek compound based on allos ‘other’ (which is related to Latin alius, as in English alibi and alias, and to English else) and agoreúein ‘speak publicly’ (derived from agorá ‘(place of) assembly’, which is the source of English agoraphobia and is related to gregarious). Greek allēgorein ‘speak figuratively’ produced the noun allēgorīā, which passed into English via Latin and French. ® aggregate, agoraphobia, alias, alibi, else, gregarious

(Onions) allegory æ·ligəri figurative description or narrative. xiv. - (O)F. allégorie - L. allē-goria- Gr. allēgoriā 'speaking otherwise', f. állos other (cf. ALLo-)+agor-, as in agoreú-ein speak, agorā public assembly; see –y³.  So allegorIC æligǝ· rik xIv, allego·rical xvI. a·llegorize. xv. F. allégoriser- late L. allēgorizāre (Jerome).

(American Heritage) al·le·go·ry n. pl. al·le·go·ries. 1. a. A literary, dramatic, or pictorial device in which characters and events stand for abstract ideas, principles, or forces, so that the literal sense has or suggests a parallel, deeper symbolic sense. b. A story, picture, or play in which this device is used. John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and Herman Melville’s Moby Dick are allegories. 2. A symbolic representation: The blindfolded figure with scales is an allegory of justice. [Middle English allegorie, from Latin alle$goria, from Greek, from alle$gorein, to interpret allegorically: allos, other; see al-¹ in Appendix + agoreuein, to speak publicly (from agora, marketplace); see ger- in Appendix.]

(OED) allegory

forms: α. Middle English–1500s allegorye, Middle English–1600s allegorie, 1500s–1600s alligorie, 1500s–1600s alligory, 1500s– allegory.

β. 1500s allegoria.

origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin.

etymons: French allegorie; Latin allēgoria.

etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French allegorie narrative which has a hidden or ulterior meaning, such a meaning or its interpretation (French allégorie; in extended uses from 17th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin allēgoria figurative or metaphorical language, in post-classical Latin also allegorical interpretation of Scripture passages (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < ancient Greek ἀλληγορία figurative or metaphorical language, in Hellenistic Greek also allegorical exposition of mythical legends, lit. speaking otherwise than one seems to speak, apparently < ἀλληγορος allegorical (although this is first attested in Byzantine Greek; < ancient Greek ἀλλο- allo- comb. form + -ηγορος in sense ‘speaking’ < ἀγορά agora n.1; compare ἀγορεύειν to speak in the assembly) + -ία -y suffix³. Compare Catalan al·legoria (1390), Spanish alegoría (13th cent. as allegoria), Portuguese alegoria (13th cent.), Italian allegoria (1308).

1. The use of symbols in a story, picture, etc., to convey a hidden or ulterior meaning, typically a moral or political one; symbolic representation. Also: the interpretation of this.
2. A story, picture, etc., which uses symbols to convey a hidden or ulterior meaning, typically a moral or political one; a symbolic representation; an extended or continued metaphor.
3. A character or figure that symbolically represents someone or something else; an emblem, a symbol.

(Online Etymology) allegory (n.) "figurative treatment of an unmentioned subject under the guise of another similar to it in some way," late 14c., allegorie, from Old French allegorie (12c.), from Latin allegoria, from Greek allegoria "figurative language, description of one thing under the image of another," literally "a speaking about something else," from allos "another, different" (from PIE root *al- (1) "beyond") + agoreuein "speak openly, speak in the assembly," from agora "assembly" (see agora). Related: Allegorist.

Allegory -கலைச்சொற்கள்           

allegory                                   உள்ளுறை மொழி        

allegory                                   தொடர் உருவகம்         

                                                   -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

allegory                                   உருவகக்கதை   

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

allegory                                   நீதிக்கதை

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

allegory                                   உள்ளுறை         

                                                   -மொழியியல் கலைச்சொல்லகராதி - (1980)

CATEGORY 

(Skeat) category, a leading class or order. (Gk.) ‘The distribution of things into certain tribes, which we call categories or predicaments;’ Bacon, Adv. of Learning, bk. ii. sect. xiv. subject 7 Gk. κατηγορία, an accusation; but in logic, a predicament, class. —Gk. κατηγορεῖν, to accuse. Gk. κατά, down, against; and ἀγορεύειν, to declaim, to address an assembly, from ἀγορά, an assembly. Cf. Gk. ἀγείρειν, to assemble. Der. categor-ic-al, categor-ic-al-ly.

(Chambers) category n. 1588, borrowed from Middle French catégorie, learned borrowing from Late Latin catēgoria, from Greek katēgoríā assertion, ultimately from kata- down to + the root of agoreúein to assert, speak (in the assembly), from agorā́ place of assembly, agora. Originally in English the term was used in reference to Aristotle's Categories (a term applied to ten classes of terms, things, or nations) and is found in the form Categories as early as 1450. -categorical adj. 1598, borrowed from Late Latin catēgoricus, from Greek katēgorikós, from katēgoríā category; for suffix see -ical. -categorization n. 1886, probably formed from English categorize+-ation, perhaps by influence of earlier French catégorisation (1845) -categorize v. 1705, formed from English category + -ize.

(John Ayto) category [15] The word category has a rather complicated semantic history. It comes ultimately from Greek katēgorein ‘accuse’, a compound formed from the prefix katá- ‘against’ and agorá ‘public assembly’ (source of English agoraphobia and related to gregarious) – hence ‘speak against publicly’. ‘Accuse’ gradually became weakened in meaning to ‘assert, name’, and the derived noun katēgoríā was applied by Aristotle to the enumeration of all classes of things that can be named – hence ‘category’. The word reached English via late Latin catēgoria or French catégorie. ® agoraphobia, gregarious, panegyric

(Onions) category classification, 'predicament' xv; class, division xvii. - F. catégorie (Rabelais) or its source, late L. catēgoria (Augustine) - Gr. Katēgoriā accusation, assertion, predication, f. katḗgoros accuser, etc., katēgoreîn, f. katá CATA- (4) + agorā́ assembly, harangue, rel. to ageírein assemble; see -y³. The proper L. equiv. is prædicāmentum predicament. So categoric kætigǝ·rik xvii, catego·rical xvi. -F. catégorique (Rabelais) or late L. catēgoricus (Sidonius).

(American Heritage) cat·e·go·ry n. pl. cat·e·go·ries. 1. A specifically defined division in a system of classification; a class. 2. A general class of ideas, terms, or things that mark divisions or coordinations within a conceptual scheme, especially: a. Aristotle’s modes of objective being, such as quality, quantity, or relation, that are inherent in everything. b. Kant’s modes of subjective understanding, such as singularity, universality, or particularity, that organize perceptions into knowledge. c. A basic logical type of philosophical conception in post-Kantian philosophy. [French categorie, from Old French, from Late Latin cate$goria, class of predicables, from Greek kate$goria, accusation, charge, from kate$gorein, to accuse, predicate: kata-, down, against; see cata- + agoreuein, e$gor-, to speak in public (from agora, marketplace, assembly); see ger- in Appendix.]

(OED) category

etymology: < Latin catēgoria, < Greek κατηγορία accusation, assertion, predication, abstract noun < κατήγορος accuser, etc.: see categorem n.

1. Logic and metaphorical. A term (meaning literally ‘predication’ or ‘assertion’) given to certain general classes of terms, things, or notions; the use being very different with different authors.
2. Originally used by Aristotle, the nature and meaning of whose ten categories, or predicaments (as, after the Latin translation, they are also called) has been disputed almost from his own day till the present; some holding that they were ‘a classification of all the manners in which assertions may be made of the subject’, others that they were ‘an enumeration of all things capable of being named, the most extensive classes into which things could be distributed’, or again, that they were ‘the different kinds of notions corresponding to the definite forms of existence’. Hence many criticisms of Aristotle's classification, with modifications of it, or the substitution of new ‘categories,’ proposed by the Stoics, and later philosophers, according as they viewed them logically or metaphysically.
3. Kant applied the term to: The pure a priori conceptions of the understanding, which the mind applies (as forms or frames) to the matter of knowledge received from sense, in order to raise it into an intelligible notion or object of knowledge.
4. Hence in more general use (see quot. 1901). Also attributive.
5. a. A predicament; a class to which a certain predication or assertion applies.
6. A class, or division, in any general scheme of classification. spec. in Linguistics (see quots.).
7. ‘An accusation.’ Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) category (n.) 1580s, in Aristotle's logic, "a highest notion," from French catégorie, from Late Latin categoria, from Greek katēgoria "accusation, prediction, category," verbal noun from katēgorein "speak against; to accuse, assert, predicate," from kata "down to" (or perhaps "against;" see cata-) + agoreuein "to harangue, to declaim (in the assembly)," from agora "public assembly" (from PIE root *ger- "to gather").

Category -கலைச்சொற்கள்          

exempted category                 விலக்கப்பட்ட இனவகை        

category                                 வகையினம்       

category symbols                    வகைக்குறியீடுகள்       

                                                   -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

category                                 முழுமையின் வகைப்பிரிவுகளில் ஒன்று                                    

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

Category                                 பொருள் வகுப்பு

                                                   -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி - (2015)

Category                                 வகை      

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் அகராதி

skeletal category                     வகையினத்தின் கூடு   

small category                        குறு வகை         

subcategory                            உள் வகையினம்

product category                     வகைகளின் பெருக்கல் வகை  

objects of a category               வகையின் உறுப்புகள்  

opposite category                   எதிர்மறை வகை

opposite category                   எதிர் வகையினம்         

morphisms of a category         வகையின் ஒப்புமைகள்

full subcategory                       முழு உள் வகையினம்   

category of all categories        வகைகளின் வகை        

concrete category                   திடமான வகை  

additive category                    கூட்டல் வகை   

arrow category                        அம்பு வகை       

cadre and category                 பணிநிலைப் பிரிவும் வகையும்

category                                 பொருள் வகுப்பு, வகை, இனம்

category                                 இனம், வகை, வகுப்பு   

analytical category                  பகுப்பாய்வு வகையினம்         

morphological category           உருபனியல் சொல்வகை        

syntactical category                தொடரியல் வகைப்பாடு         

functional category                  செயற்பாட்டு வகையினம்       

grammatical category              இலக்கண வகையினம் 

inflectional category                திரிபு ஒட்டு வகையினம்

lexical category                       சொல் வகையினம்       

morphological category           உருபனியல் வகையினம்        

syntactic category                   தொடரியல் வகையினம்         

six category intervention analysis இடைத்தலையீடு பகுப்பாய்வின் 6 கூறுகள்                              

agroclimatic category zone      வேளாண் தட்பவெப்பப் பகுதி

category                                 உருவகை

baire’s category theorem         பேரின் இனத்தேற்றம்  

second category                     இரண்டாம் வகை         

category storage                     வகையினச் சேமிப்பகம்

category                                 வகை, இனம்     

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

word category                         சொல் வகைப்பாடு       

scale and category grammar   வகைத்தர இலக்கணம் 

sub-category                           உள்வகை

meaning category                   பொருள் வகைப்பாடு   

morphological category           உருபனியல் வகைப்பாடு        

inflectional category                திரிபு ஓட்டு வகைப்பாடு         

human category                      உயர்திணை வகைப்பாடு       

grammatical category              இலக்கண வகைப்பாடு 

functional category                  செயற்பாட்டு வகைப்பாடு      

category                                 வகைப்பாடு      

category symbol                     வகைக்குறியீடு  

                                                   -மொழியியல் கலைச்சொல்லகராதி - (1980)

cat`egory                                பிரிவு      

                                                   -வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

CONGREGATE 

(Skeat) congregate, to gather together. (L.) In Shak. Merch. of Ven. i. 3. 50. Rich. quotes from the State Trials, shewing that congregated was used A.D. 1413. — Lat. congregatus, pp. of congregare, to assemble. -Lat. con-, for cum, together; and gregare, to collect in flocks. -Lat. greg-, stem of grex, a flock. See gregarious. Der. congregat-ion, -al, -al-ist, -al-ism.

(Chambers) congregate v. Probably before 1450, verb use of earlier congregat, past participle or adjective (probably before 1425, in a translation of Higden's Polychronicon); borrowed from Latin congregātus, past participle of congregāre collect, assemble (con- together + grex, genitive gregis flock, herd, crowd; see gregarious); for suffix see –ate¹. It is also possible that in some early instances congregate may have been a back formation of earlier congregation. -congregation n. About 1380 congregacioun a gathering, assemblage, in Chaucer's House of Fame; borrowed from Old French congregation, from Latin congregātiōnem (nominative congregātiō), from congregāre; for suffix see -tion. The sense of a group of persons assembled for religious worship, a church, appeared before 1415 (in writings of Wycliffe).

The words referring to Congregationalism as a sect of Christian worship are first recorded for Congregational (1639), Congregationalist (1692, in writings of Cotton Mather), Congregationalism (1716, in writings of Increase Mather).

(American Heritage) con·gre·gate v. tr. intr. con·gre·gat·ed, con·gre·gat·ing, con·gre·gates. To bring or come together in a group, crowd, or assembly. See Synonyms at gather. — adj 1. Gathered; assembled. 2. Involving a group: congregate living facilities for senior citizens. [Middle English congregaten, from Latin congrega$re, congrega$t- : com-, com- + grega$re, to assemble (from grex, greg-, herd); see ger- in Appendix.]

(OED) congregate 

etymology: < Latin congregātus, past participle of congregāre, < con- together + gregāre to collect into a flock or company, < greg-em (grex) flock, herd: see gregarious adj.

1. adj.
2. Assembled, congregated.

†a. as past participle. Obsolete.

1. as adj.

†2. = congregated adj. 3. Obsolete.

3. Carried on in a congregation; collective.

†b. n. plural.

Assembled persons. Obsolete.

(Online Etymology) congregate (v.) mid-15c. (implied in congregated), "accumulate," originally of fluids in the body, from Latin congregatus, past participle of congregare "to herd together, collect in a flock, swarm; assemble," from assimilated form of com "together" (see con-) + gregare "to collect into a flock, gather," from grex (genitive gregis) "a flock" (from PIE root *ger- "to gather").

Congregate -கலைச்சொற்கள்       

congregate                             ஒருங்கு திரள்     

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

Congregate                             ஒன்றுசேர்         

                                                   -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி - (2015)

congregate of people              மக்கள் திரட்சி    

                     -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

CRAM 

(Skeat) cram, to press close together. (E.) M.E. crammen. ‘Ful crammyd`;’ Wyclif, Hos. xiii. 6.—A.S. crammian, to stuff. The entry ‘farcio, ic crammige’ occurs in Ælfric’s Grammar, De Quarta Conjugatione. The compound verb undercrammian, to fill underneath, occurs in Ӕtlfric’s Homilies, i. 430. + Icel. kremja, to squeeze, bruise. + Swed. krama, to squeeze, press. + Dan. kramme, to crumple, crush. Cf, O.H.G. chrimman, M.H.G. krimmen, to seize with the claws, G. grimmen, to grip, gripe. Allied to cramp, clamp, crab.

(Chambers) cram v. Before 1325 crommen fill, stuff, dialectal variant of crammen (about 1353); developed from Old English crammian (about 1000, in Ælfric's Grammar), derivative of crimman to insert. Old English crimman, is cognate with Old High German krimman to press or pinch, Middle High German krammen to claw, Old Icelandic kremja to squeeze or pinch (Danish, Norwegian kramme, Swedish krama), and outside Germanic with Old Slavic gromada heap, and Sanskrit grā́ma-s heap, crowd, village, from Indo-European *grem-/grom-/grōm- (Pok.383).

(John Ayto) cram [OE] Prehistoric Germanic had a base *kram-, *krem- which denoted ‘compression’ or ‘bending’. Among its descendants were Old Norse kremja ‘squeeze, pinch’, German krumm ‘crooked’ (source of English crumhorn [17], a curved Renaissance musical instrument), and Old English crammian (ancestor of cram), which meant ‘press something into something else, stuff’. An extension of the base with p (*kramp-, *kremp-) produced Middle Low German and Middle Dutch krampe ‘bent’, one or other of which was borrowed by Old French as crampe and passed on to English as cramp [14] (crampon [15] comes from a related source). Other products of the Germanic base were Old English crumb ‘crooked’, a possible ancestor of crumpet, and perhaps crimp [17]. A nonnasalized version of the base produced Germanic *krappon ‘hook’, source of grape and grapnel. ® crampon, crimp, crumhorn, crumpet, grape, grapnel

(Onions) cram fill to repletion or excess. OE. (ġe)crammian, corr. to MLG. kremmen, ON. kremja squeeze, pinch; Du. krammen cramp, clamp, MHG. krammen claw; f. *kram- *krem-; cf. OE. (ġe)crimman cram, stuff, and further L. gremium bosom (cf. gremial), OSI. gramada, Lett. grãmatas heap, Skr. grā́mas group of men.

(American Heritage) cram v. crammed, cram·ming, crams. — v. tr. 1. To force, press, or squeeze into an insufficient space; stuff. 2. To fill too tightly. 3. a. To gorge with food. b. To eat quickly and greedily. 4. Informal. To prepare (students) hastily for an impending examination. — v. intr. 1. To gorge oneself with food. 2. Informal. To study hastily for an impending examination: was up all night cramming for the history midterm. — n. 1. A group that has been crammed together; a crush. 2. Informal. Hasty study for an imminent examination. [Middle English crammen, from Old English crammian. See ger- in Appendix.]

(OED) cram

forms:  Old English crammian, Middle English crom, Middle English–1600s cramm(e, Middle English cremmyn, 1500s cromme, 1500s–1600s crame, 1600s crambe, 1600s–1700s cramb, 1500s– cram.

etymology: Old English crammian (< *krammôjan), derivative of the strong verb crimman, cram(m), crummen to insert; compare Old High German krimman, chrimman to press, pinch, scratch, and its derivative German dialect krammen to claw, also Old Norse kremja (kramði, kramið or kramd ) to squeeze, bruise, pinch ( < *kram(m)jan ), Swedish krama to squeeze, press, strain. The primary meaning was ‘to press, squeeze’: compare also cramp n.¹ The 15th cent. variant cremm-yn appears to be from Norse.

1. a. transitive. To fill (a receptacle) with more than it properly or conveniently holds, by force or compression; less strictly, to fill to repletion, fill quite full or overfull, ‘pack’. Const. with.
2. intransitive with passive sense. rare.
3. To plaster the interstices between the logs of a house. U.S.
4. a. esp. To feed with excess of food (spec. poultry, etc., to fatten them for the table); to overfeed, stuff, fill to satiety.
5. intransitive (for reflexive). To eat greedily or to excess, to stuff oneself; to ‘stuff’.
6. figurative (transitive) To fill quite full, overfill (with facts, knowledge, etc.).
7. a. To thrust, force, stuff, crowd (anything) into a receptacle or space, etc. which it overfills, down any one's throat, etc.
8. figurative.
9. intransitive (for reflexive). To press, crowd. rare.
10. slang. To make (a person) ‘swallow’, i.e. believe, false or exaggerated statements. Cf. colloquial to stuff (a person) up; and see cram n. 3, crammer n. 3.
11. a. colloquial. To prepare (a person) for an examination or special purpose, in a comparatively short time, by storing his memory with information, not so much with a view to real learning as to the temporary object aimed at.
12. To ‘get up’ (a subject) hastily for an occasion, without any regard to its permanent retention or educative influence.
13. absol. or intransitive.
14. transitive. To urge on forcibly (a horse). slang.
15. intransitive. To thrust oneself in, intrude. dialect.

(Online Etymology) cram (v.) Old English crammian "press something into something else," from Proto-Germanic *kramm- (source also of Old High German krimman "to press, pinch," Old Norse kremja "to squeeze, pinch"), from extended form of PIE root *ger- "to gather."

Cram -கலைச்சொற்கள்               

cram                                       கூட்டம்   

cramesy                                 செக்கர்-நிறம்     

cramming                               நெட்டுருப் போடல்      

                                                   -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

cram                                       செறிவி, குத்துச்செலுத்து         

cram                                       நெரிசல்  

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

cram                                       உருப்போடு      

                                                   -வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

EGREGIOUS 

(Skeat) egregious, excellent, select. (L.) In Shak. Cymb. v. 5. 211.—Lat. egregius, chosen out of the flock; excellent. —Lat.  e grege, out of the flock. See gregarious. Der. egregious-ly, -ness.

(Chambers) egregious adj. very great, remarkable. About 1534, distinguished, eminent; borrowed from Latin ēgregius, from the phrase ē grege standing out from the flock (ē out of, variant of ex before g + grege, ablative of grex herd, flock; see gregarious); for suffix see -ous. The ironical use of very great (i.e. outrageous, notorious) is first recorded in English in 1573.

(John Ayto) Egregious see segregate

(Onions) egregious eminent; gross, flagrant. xvi. f. L. ēgregius surpassing, illustrious, f. ē out of (Ex-¹) + greg-, grex flock (cf. congregate, gregarious); see -ious.

(American Heritage) e·gre·gious adj. Conspicuously bad or offensive. See Synonyms at flagrant. [From Latin e$gregius, outstanding: e$-, ex-, ex- + grex, greg-, herd; see ger- in Appendix.] —e·greùgious·ly adv. —e·greùgious·ness n.

(OED) egregious 

forms: 1500s aegregius, 1500s egregius, 1500s egregyous, 1500s– egregious, 1600s egredgious.

origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element.

etymons: Latin ēgregius  , -ous suffix.

etymology: < classical Latin ēgregius outstanding, excellent, splendid (also used sarcastically), pre-eminent, illustrious, literally ‘towering above the flock’ (< ē- e- prefix² + greg-, grex flock: see grex n.) + -ous suffix. Compare Middle French egregieux (a1506; rare), and also Middle French egrege (late 15th cent.; French †égrège), Old Occitan egregi (1433), Catalan egregi (14th cent.), Spanish egregio (late 14th cent.), Portuguese egrégio (15th cent.), Italian egregio (a1321).

1. In a positive sense.
2. Of a person, or his or her qualities: distinguished, eminent; great, renowned.
3. Of a thing: remarkably good; wonderful, extraordinary. Also of an utterance, piece of writing, etc.: striking, significant. Now archaic and rare.
4. In a negative sense. Conspicuously bad or wrong; blatant, flagrant; (later also) outrageous, offensive.
5. Of a person or his or her attributes; (also) of an organization, institution, etc.
6. Of an action or undertaking; (also) of a fact, situation, example of something, etc.

†3. Physically prominent; projecting. Obsolete. rare.

(Online Etymology) egregious (adj.) 1530s, "distinguished, eminent, excellent," from Latin egregius "distinguished, excellent, extraordinary," from the phrase ex grege "rising above the flock," from ex "out of" (see ex-) + grege, ablative of grex "a herd, flock" (from PIE root *ger- "to gather").

Egregious -கலைச்சொற்கள்         

egregious                                அதிர்ச்சியுண்டாக்குகிற

                                              -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

egre`gious                              துணுக்குறச் செய்கிற    

                     -வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)

GREGARIOUS 

(Skeat) gregarious, associating in flocks. (L.) ‘No birds of prey are gregarious;’ Ray, On the Creation, pt. i. (R.) -Lat gregarius, belonging to a flock. -Lat. greg-, base of grex, a flock; with suffix -arius. β. Apparently from a base gar-g, lengthened form of a √GAR, to assemble; cf. Gk. ἀγείρειν, to assemble. Fick, i. 566. Der. gregarious-ly, gregarious-ness; from the same source, ag-gregate, con-greg-ate, se-greg-ate, e-greg-ious.

(Chambers) gregarious adj. living in flocks, herds, or other groups. 1668, borrowed from Latin gregārius, from grex (genitive gregis) flock, herd; cognate with Greet agreésthai to gather; from Indo-European *ger-/gere- (Pok.382). For suffix see -ous. The transferred sense of inclined to associate with others, sociable (applied to persons), is first recorded in 1789.

(John Ayto) gregarious see segregate

(Onions) gregarious associating in com- munities. f. L. gregārius, f. greg-, grex flock, herd (cf. OIr. graig herd of horses, Gr. ageírein assemble, agorā́ (place of) assembly; see -arlous.

(American Heritage) gre·gar·i·ous adj. 1. Seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable. See Synonyms at social. 2. Tending to move in or form a group with others of the same kind: gregarious bird species. 3. Botany. Growing in groups that are close together but not densely clustered or matted. [Latin grega$rius, belonging to a flock, from grex, greg-, flock. See ger- in Appendix.]

(OED) gregarious 

etymology: < Latin gregārius (< greg-, grex flock, herd) + -ous suffix.

1. a. Natural History. Of classes or species of animals: Living in flocks or communities, given to association with others of the same species.
2. transferred. Of persons: Inclined to associate with others, fond of company.
3. Botany. Growing in open clusters.
4. Pathology. Closely collected, clustered.
5. Of or pertaining to a flock or community; characteristic of or affecting persons gathered together in crowds.

(Online Etymology) gregarious (adj.) 1660s, "disposed to live in flocks" (of animals), from Latin gregarious "pertaining to a flock; of the herd, of the common sort, common," from grex (genitive gregis) "flock, herd," from PIE *gre-g-, reduplicated form of root *ger- "to gather." Of persons, "sociable," first recorded 1789. Related: Gregariously; gregariousness.

Gregarious -கலைச்சொற்கள்       

gregarious                              மந்தையாக வாழ்கிற    

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

gregarious                              கூடிவாழும்        

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

gregarious parasitoid               இணைந்து வாழ் ஒட்டுண்ணி  

gregarious instinct                   குழு ஊக்கம், கூடிவாழும் மனநிலை                                             

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

Gregarious                              குழு        

                                                   -மருத்துவக் கலைச் சொற்கள் - (2002)

PANEGYRIC

(Skeat) panegyric, a eulogy, encomium. (L., —Gk.) Spelt pane-gyricke in Minsheu, ed. 1627. — Lat. panegyricus, a eulogy; from panegyricus, adj., with the same sense as in Greek. -Gk. πανηγυρικός, fit for a full assembly, festive, solemn; hence applied to a festival oration, or panegyric. — Gk. πᾶν, neut. of πᾶς, all; and ἄγνρι-s, ᴁolic form of ἀγορά, a gathering, a crowd, related to ἀγείρειν, to assemble. See pan- and gregarious. Der. panegyric, adj. (really an older word); panegyric-al, panegyric-al-ly, panegyr-ise, Panegyr-ist.

(Chambers) panegyric n. speech or writing in praise of a person or thing. 1620, earlier as attributive noun (1603), possibly from the adjective (a shortened form of earlier panegyrical, 1592-93), but also probably influenced by panegyre a eulogy (1603), and possibly by French panégyrique (1512); borrowed from Latin panēgyricus, from Greek panēgyrikòs (lógos) (a speech) given in a public assembly, festive, from panḗgyris public assembly (pan- all + ágyris place of assembly, Aeolic form of agorā́ agora); for suffix see -IC.

(Onions) panegyric laudatory discourse. xvii (S. Daniel)- F. panégyrique- L. panēgyricus public eulogy, sb. use of adj.- Gr. panēgurikós pert. to public assembly, f. panḗguris general assembly, f. pan- pan-+ - ēguris = agorā́ assembly (cf. category). So panegy·rical adj. xvi (Harvey, Nashe). panegy·rist. xvii (Camden); so F. pa·negyrize. xvii. -Gr. panēgurízein. panegyry³. xvi.

(American Heritage) pan・e・gyr・ic n. 1. A formal eulogistic composition intended as a public compliment. 2. Elaborate praise or laudation; an encomium. [Latin pane$gyricus, from Greek pane$gurikos (logos), (speech) at a public assembly, panegyric, from pane$guris, public assembly : pan-, pan- + aguris, assembly, marketplace; see ger- in Appendix.]

(OED) panegyric

forms:  1600s panagaricke, 1600s panagericke, 1600s panagirick, 1600s panagyrick, 1600s panegyrike, 1600s panegyrique, 1600s panigerick, 1600s panigirike, 1600s–1700s panegirick, 1600s–1700s panegyricke, 1600s–1700s panygerick, 1600s–1800s panegyrick, 1600s– panegyric, 1700s penegyrick. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form of the beginning of the word 1600s panne-. 

origin: A borrowing from French.

etymon: French panégyrique.

etymology: < French panégyrique public speech in praise of a person in classical antiquity (1512), praise of a person (first quarter of 17th cent.), exaggerated praise (1842), (adjective) of the nature of a panegyric (1557) < classical Latin panēgyricus public eulogy, in post-classical Latin also (adjective) laudatory (4th cent.) < ancient Greek πανηγυρικός of or for a public assembly or festival, in Hellenistic Greek also of or relating to a eulogy, flattering < πανήγυρις panegyris n. + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare earlier panegyrical adj.

1. n.

†1. A person who writes or delivers a eulogy or encomium; = panegyrist n. Obsolete. rare.

2. A public speech or published text in praise of a person or thing; a laudatory discourse; a eulogy, an encomium. Frequently with †of, on, to, upon.
3. As a mass noun: elaborate praise; eulogy; laudation.
4. adj.

†1. Of the nature of a general assembly; = panegyrical adj. 2. Obsolete. rare.

2. Of the nature of a panegyric or eulogy; that publicly or elaborately expresses praise or commendation; eulogistic, encomiastic, laudatory. Now rare.

(Online Etymology) panegyric (n.) "eulogy, laudation, praise bestowed upon some person, action, or character," c. 1600, from French panégyrique (1510s), from Latin panegyricus "public eulogy," originally an adjective, "for a public festival," from Greek panēgyrikos (logos) "(a speech) given in or addressed to a public assembly," from panēgyris "public assembly (especially in honor of a god)," from pan- "all" (see pan-) + agyris "place of assembly," Aeolic form of agora (see agora). Related: Panegyrical; panegyrist.

Panegyric -கலைச்சொற்கள்         

panegyric                                புகழுரை 

                                                   -அருங்கலைச்சொல் அகரமுதலி - (2002)

panegyric                                புகழ்சாற்றுகிற, புகழ்பாடுகிற  

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

panegyric                                மேடைப்பேச்சு  

                     -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

PAREGORIC 

(Skeat) paregoric, assuaging pain; a medicine that assuages pain. (L., — Gk.) ‘Paregorica, medicines that comfort, mollify, and asswage;” Phillips, ed. 1706. — Lat. paregoricus, assuaging; whence neut. pl. paregorica. —Gk. παρηγορικός, addressing, encouraging, soothing. = Gk. παρήγορος, addressing, encouraging; cf. παρηγορεῖν, to address, exhort. —Gk. παρά, beside; and ἀγορεύειν, to speak in an assembly, from ἀγορά, an assembly. Ci. Gk. ἀγείρειν, to assemble; from √GAR, to assemble; Fick, i. 73.

(Chambers) paregoric n. soothing medicine, used to relieve intestinal upset. 1704, from earlier adjective, soothing (1684); borrowed perhaps through French parégorique, from Late Latin parēgoricus, from Greek parēgorikós soothing or encouraging, from parēgoreîn speak soothingly to, from parḗgoros consoling (para- beside the root of agoreúein speak in public, from agorā́ marketplace, agora); for suffix see -ic.

(Onions) paregoric assuaging pain xvii; sb. for p. elixir camphorated tincture of opium xix. -late L. parēgorius- Gr. parēgorikós encouraging, soothing (ƞγορι - κòv, ɸúρµɑκov,  κɑrá, Galen), f. parēgoreîn console, soothe, f. pará beside + ēgor-, var. of agor- in agoreúein speak in the assembly; see para-¹ category, -ic.

(American Heritage) par・e・gor・ic n. A camphorated tincture of opium, taken internally for the relief of diarrhea and intestinal pain. [Late Latin pare$goricus, soothing, from Greek pare$gorikos, from pare$gorein, to talk over, soothe, from pare$goros, consoling: para-, beside; see para-¹ + agora, agora; see agora¹.]

(OED) paregoric 

forms:  1600s paregorick, 1600s paregorique, 1700s paragorick, 1700s– paragoric, 1700s– paregoric.

origin: A borrowing from Latin.

etymon: Latin paregoricus.

etymology: < post-classical Latin paregoricus soothing (5th cent.; also paregoricum, noun, 1676 in the passage translated in quot. 1684 at sense B.) < ancient Greek παρηγορικός soothing < παρήγορος comforter (first attested as adjective in Hellenistic Greek; < παρα- para- prefix¹ + -ηγορος in sense ‘speaking’ < ἀγορά agora n.1; compare ἀγορεύειν to speak in the assembly) + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Middle French, French parégorique, adjective (1549; now rare) and noun (1765). With use as adjective compare earlier paregorical adj.

1. n.

A pain-relieving or soothing medicinal preparation, esp. an opiate; (in later use) = paregoric elixir n. at Compounds. Also figurative.

1. adj.

Of a medicinal preparation: relieving pain, soothing. Also figurative. Now only in paregoric elixir n. at Compounds.

(Online Etymology) paregoric (n.) "medicine that soothes pain," 1704, from adjective (1680s) "assuaging pain, soothing," from Late Latin paregoricus, from Greek paregorikos "soothing, encouraging, consoling," from paregorein "speak soothingly to," from paregoros "consoling," from para- "beside" (see para- (1)) + root of agoreuein "speak in public," from agora "public assembly," from PIE root *ger- "to gather."

Paregoric -கலைச்சொற்கள்          

paregoric                                சூட அபினித்தைலம்     

                     -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)

SEGREGATE

(Skeat) segregate, to separate from others. (L.)  Not common. In Sir T. More, Works, p. 428 d; where it occurs as a pp., meaning ‘separated.’ ─ Lat. segregatus, pp. of segregare, to set apart, lit. ‘to set apart from a flock.’ ─ Lat. se-, apart; and greg-, stem of grex, a flock; see se- and gregarious. Der. segregat-ion, from O.F. segregation, ‘a segregation,’ Cot., from Lat. acc. segregationem.

(Chambers) segregate v. 1542, borrowed from Latin sēgregātus, past participle of sēgregāre separate from the flock, isolate, divide, from a lost prepositional phrase *sē grege (sē apart from; and grege, ablative of grex herd, flock; see gregarious); for suffix see -ate¹. -segregation n. 1555, borrowed from Late Latin sēgregātiōnem (nominative sēgregātiō) a separating, dividing, from sēgregāre; for suffix see -ation. -segregationist n. person who advocates racial segregation. 1920's American English, formed from segregation + -ist.

(John Ayto) segregate [16] The etymological idea underlying segregate is of ‘removal from a flock’. The word comes from Latin sēgregāre, a compound verb formed from the prefix sē- ‘apart’ and grex ‘flock’ (source also of English aggregate, congregation, egregious [16], and gregarious [17]). ® aggregate, congregation, egregious, gregarious

(Onions) segregate se·grigeit separate from a body of persons or things. xvi. f. pp. stem of L. sēgregāre, f. sē- SE-, greg-, grex flock (cf. egregious); based on segregate pp. (xv); see ate³.  So segrega·tion. xvi. -late L.

(American Heritage) seg·re·gate v. seg·re·gat·ed, seg·re·gat·ing, seg·re·gates. — v. tr. 1. To separate or isolate from others or from a main body or group. See Synonyms at isolate. 2. To impose the separation of (a race or class) from the rest of society. — v. intr. 1. To become separated from a main body or mass. 2. To practice a policy of racial segregation. 3. Genetics. To undergo genetic segregation. — adj. Separated; isolated. — n. 1. One that is or has been segregated. 2. Genetics. See segregant. [Latin se$grega$re, se$grega$t- : se$-, apart; see s(w)e- in Appendix + grex, greg-, flock; see ger- in Appendix.]

(OED) segregate

forms:  Also 1500s–1600s segregat.

origin: A borrowing from Latin.

etymons: Latin sēgregāt-, sēgregāre.

etymology: < Latin sēgregāt-, participial stem of sēgregāre to separate from the flock, hence to set apart, isolate, divide, < sē- (see se- prefix) + greg-, grex flock.

1. a. transitive. To separate (a person, a body or class of persons) from the general body, or from some particular class; to set apart, isolate, seclude.
2. To subject (people) to racial segregation; to enforce racial segregation in (a community, institution, etc.). Cf. desegregate v., integrate v. 2b.
3. a. To separate or isolate (one thing from others or one portion from the remainder); to place in a group apart from the rest; esp. Chemistry, Geology, etc. (of natural agencies) to separate out and collect (certain particular constituents of a compound or mixture). In scientific classification: To remove (certain species) etc. from a group and place them apart.
4. Mining. (U.S.) See quot. 1881.
5. a. intransitive for reflexive. To separate from a main body or mass and collect in one place.
6. Genetics. To undergo or display segregation (sense 1e).

(Online Etymology) segregate (v.) 1540s, "separate (someone or something) from a generally body or class of things," from Latin segregatus, past participle of segregare "set apart, lay aside; isolate; divide," literally "separate from the flock," from *se gregare, from se "apart from" (see se-) + grege, ablative of grex "herd, flock" (from PIE root *ger- "to gather").

Segregate -கலைச்சொற்கள்          

segregate                               கொத்திணைவற்ற        

                                                   -ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ்ச் சொற்களஞ்சியம் - (2010)      

Segregate                               கூறுபடுத்து       

                                                   -ஆட்சிச் சொல்லகராதி - (2015)

segregate                               தனியாக ஒதுக்கு

fine segregate                         நுண்துகள் பிடித்தல்     

                                                   -கலைச்சொல் பேரகராதி

seg`regate                              விலக்கு   

separate                                 பிரித்து வேறாக்கு         

                     -வெற்றி அகராதி - (1995)